Yet in addition to extinctions there are many dramatic, well - documented effects of introduced species, such as shifts in regional climate, reduced groundwater levels, altered nutrient cycling, and reduced oxygen
levels in aquatic systems, which affect the abundance and distribution of native species.
Not exact matches
Farming
in recirculation aquaculture
systems (RAS) gives an opportunity for maximising farming conditions, reducing emissions of nutrients to the
aquatic environment, reducing water consumption and for farming with a high
level of bio-security.
Heat waves, extreme precipitation events and flooding or extreme droughts, are also what actually cause climate damage — for instance lower agricultural productivity (as during the extremely hot 2003 summer
in Western Europe) or biodiversity decline at ecosystem
levels ranging from
aquatic desert
systems to entire rainforest biomes.
Although all
aquatic systems experience natural fluctuations
in water
level, the amplitude and / or frequency of these fluctuations is likely more pronounced
in reservoir ecosystems (Zohary and Ostrovsky 2011).
52 • Immune
system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune
system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts
in some species • Decreased population of
aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted
aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased
levels of ozone
in the stratosphere.
60 • Immune
system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune
system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts
in some species • Decreased population of
aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased
levels of ozone
in the stratosphere.