High
levels of dietary carbohydrates, also known as high glycemic load foods (e.g. sugars and starchy foods such as bread, rice, pasta and potatoes), work with the hormone insulin to «switch off» fat burning and increase fat gain.
Similarly, almost
any level of dietary carbohydrates is enough to shut down ketosis [Richard David Feinman, personal communication].
Not exact matches
Because we tend to de-emphasize grain intake in our WHFoods recipes and meal plans, and because we generally tend to emphasize intake
of low glycemic index foods that have limited to moderate amounts
of available
carbohydrates, we set a WHFoods recommendation
level of 225 grams for total
carbohydrate — about 10 % higher than the low end
of the range recommended by the National Academy
of Sciences (NAS) in its discussion
of Dietary Reference Intakes.
This Metamucil product has a low glycemic index, a measure
of the effect
of dietary carbohydrates on blood sugar
levels.
In a study that included overweight and obese participants, those with diets with low glycemic index
of dietary carbohydrate did not have improvements in insulin sensitivity, lipid
levels, or systolic blood pressure, according to a study in the December 17 issue
of JAMA.
The researchers found that at high
dietary carbohydrate content, the low - compared with high - glycemic index
level decreased insulin sensitivity; increased low - density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; and did not affect
levels of high - density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood pressure.
The conventional
dietary advice
of the past 30 years to eat a low fat, high
carbohydrate diet requires more insulin to keep blood glucose
levels normal.
If you are not being exposed to
dietary carbohydrates then you have little need for a high
level of insulin sensitivity.
In a study involving
dietary ketosis via a low
carbohydrate diet (less than 10 percent
of total calories), compared to subjects on a 50 percent
carbohydrate diet, the low -
carbohydrate subjects demonstrated better performance on memory tests, with higher scores being correlated to higher serum KB
levels.14 A study using cultured mouse hippocampal cells showed that addition
of the KB β - hydroxybutyrate (β - OHB) to cells exposed to Aβ resulted in no decrease in the numbers
of dendrites or total neurons — two
of the noted pathological changes in AD.
This statement replaces the outdated 1998 American Academy
of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement «Cholesterol in Childhood,» which has been retired.3 New data emphasize the negative effects
of excess
dietary intake
of saturated and trans fats and cholesterol as well as the effect
of carbohydrate intake, the obesity epidemic, the metabolic / insulin - resistance syndrome, and the decreased
level of physical activity and fitness on the risk
of adult - onset CVD.
The daily macronutrient makeup
of the athlete's 2700 kcal diet (monitored by the subject, experienced with
dietary assessment) gradually changed over an initial six - week period, with
carbohydrate content decreasing from 73 to 12 %, fat content increasing from 14 to 75 %, and protein
levels remaining constant at 13 % (Figure 1).
The researchers go as far as suggesting that given the endemic
levels of insulin resistance prevalent in type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes patients, limiting the intake
of sugar and refined
carbohydrates in conjunction with healthy weight management should be the number 1
dietary goal for most people.
Dietary fiber is a nondigestible form
of carbohydrate that has no effect on blood sugar
levels when it is consumed.
I believe that the single most important piece
of dietary advice you can give people this day and age is to figure out their
level of carbohydrate intolerance.
The fat cells must dump enough triglyceride into the bloodstream during fasting periods to fuel the muscles when the
dietary supply
of carbohydrates keeps insulin
levels elevated, and the release
of fats from the fat cells is repressed.
Another result
of the low - fat
dietary belief was the replacement
of fats in the diet with refined
carbohydrates, which leads to a rise in blood glucose
levels and over time to insulin resistance and diabetes.
So, logically, switching refined
carbohydrates (raises insulin) for
dietary fat, can lower insulin
levels significantly even if you take the same total number
of calories.
When
dietary carbohydrate is restricted to a
level below which it is not significantly converted to fat (a threshold that varies from person to person), signs and symptoms
of insulin resistance improve or often disappear completely.
Insulin activates key enzymes in pathways, which store energy derived from
carbohydrates, and when there is an absence or scarcity
of dietary carbohydrates the resulting reduced insulin
level leads to a reduction in lipogenesis and fat accumulation.
MUFA has, however, been associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, 15,30 ⇓ reflected in lower total: HDL cholesterol and LDL: HDL cholesterol ratios, as potentially important predictors
of cardiovascular risk.21 Higher SFA intakes in exchange for
carbohydrate in the DELTA (
Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity) study were associated with a lower Lp (a)
level, 31 an effect associated in the present study with higher MUFA intakes.
Both the current US macronutrient intakes and suggested healthful
levels differ considerably from average
levels obtained from ethnographic (20) and quantitative (21) studies
of hunter gatherers in which
dietary protein is characteristically elevated (19 — 35 %
of energy) at the expense
of carbohydrate (22 — 40 %
of energy)(20,21).
Depending on nutritional goals, varying
levels of dietary fiber with different properties are necessary to make a highly processed food source like commercial kibble «work», since a dog's digestive tract is not designed to process a diet with such high
levels of carbohydrates - most dry foods contain 40 - 50 %, poor quality brands even more.
A moderate
level of easily digestible complex
carbohydrates fortified with
dietary fiber and minimal copper make up this therapeutic dog food.
As carnivores, feral cats consume high
levels of dietary protein and are not naturally adapted to eating large quantities
of dietary carbohydrate (61).
The
dietary levels of carbohydrates and its effect on glycemic response have been used to explain approximately 90 %
of the reason for differences in glucose and insulin responses to a meal in humans.
Diabetes is one
of the most common feline endocrine diseases and, while we do not know all
of the causes
of this complex disease, we do know that many diabetic cats cease needing insulin or have their insulin needs significantly decrease once their
dietary carbohydrate level is lowered to a more species - appropriate
level than that found in many commercial foods — especially dry kibble.
Changes in
dietary levels of protein, fat,
carbohydrate, fiber, vitamins and minerals are often required to meet their needs.