Sentences with phrase «levels of gene activity»

He was also the first to describe the role of tiny molecules in the heart — called microRNAs — which carefully titrate levels of gene activity to control the fate of cells.

Scientists at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona, Spain, have developed a new technique to crack the underlying DNA code for the «control dials» that determine levels of gene activity in bacteria.

Pbo's group thus turned their attention to levels of gene activity, or transcription.

Publishing their findings in the open - access journal Nature Communications, the researchers discovered DNA sequences for «control dials» that consistently produce very high levels of gene activity.

Much higher levels of gene activity were triggered in these experiments than scientists have achieved before, says Michael Hemann, a cancer biologist at MIT.

But new U-M led research shows that the clock may be broken in the brains of people with depression — even at the level of the gene activity inside their brain cells.

As the level of gene activity knockdown associated with transgenic RNAi depends on the level of expression of the hairpin constructs, we generated a number of derivatives of our initial vector, called the «VALIUM» series, to improve the efficiency of the method.

Not exact matches

Epigenetics (literally «above the gene») is a recent scientific development that examines how particular mechanisms can influence whether certain genes are turned off, turned on, or modify a gene's level of activity.

«We wanted to find out if obesity - related genes and activity level have an interactive effect on obesity risk — if there is a «double whammy» effect of being both at genetic risk and physically inactive, beyond the additive effect of these factors,» said Dr. Wood.

They further theorized that an inhibitory feedback loop of the PER protein blocks the activity of the period gene, so the protein could prevent its own synthesis and thus regulate its own levels in a constant rhythm.

Co-senior author Professor Jennifer Nichols at the Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, said: «Our data allow us to study gene activity in individual cells to an unprecedented level of precision.

Borrelli said they observed a remarkable decrease in expression levels of some 2,000 genes in this area, coupled with a widespread increase in modifications of basic DNA proteins called histones — particularly those associated with reduced gene activity.

Dysfunction in dopamine signaling profoundly changes the activity level of about 2,000 genes in the brain's prefrontal cortex and may be an underlying cause of certain complex neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, according to UC Irvine scientists.

Interestingly, this study shows that altered dopamine levels can modify gene activity through epigenetic mechanisms despite the absence of genetic mutations of the DNA.»

These tags are detected and measured using a sensitive DNA analysis technique known as massive, parallel sequencing, providing a quantitative readout of the gene's activity levels.

«There are genes and proteins that are expressed in a cell and their activity, or expression level, changes with time of day,» explained St. John.

Several groups, for example, have outfitted dead Cas9s with various regulatory factors, enabling them to turn almost any gene on or off or subtly adjust its level of activity.

When the researchers treated mice with JQ1, many of the abnormal activity levels of Brd4 target genes returned to normal.

At the core of this cell behavior is how the loss of that single gene changes activation levels of dozens of other genes, suppressing genes associated with metastatic disease and increasing activity of genes linked to normal tissue.

We even did gene - expression studies in flies showing that genes in their brains change their level of activity in waking and in sleep.

Nestler: It's, to a first level of approximation, it's simple and straightforward, that there are a set number of modifications that could be made to the DNA itself or to the proteins that bind to DNA and control its structure, and activity and that those small number of modifications either turn a gene on or off.

The gene for MAO - A has several variants, some of which are associated with relatively higher and lower levels of enzyme activity.

For example, some people have a particular variant of the ADH1B gene that causes an amino acid change in this enzyme, which leads to faster enzyme activity so individuals with this variant metabolize alcohol more rapidly which means that acetaldehyde levels are temporarily increased.

More analysis showed that altering Cdk5 activity changed the level of several groups of genes that were also affected by aging, including those that control immunity, energy, and antioxidant activity.

In all, activity levels of dozens of genes in the brain were distinct between the two types of mice, they report.

To find out how DISC1 acts on synapses, the researchers also compared the activity levels of genes in the healthy neurons to those with the variation.

«For the first time, we can provide a complete description of an animal model from genes to behavior — including at the level of neuronal network activity, which has been ignored in most studies to date.»

Dr. Je and his team analysed signalling activity in neuronal cultures that either did not have the DTNBP1 gene or had lowered levels of the gene, because reduced DTNBP1 levels and genetic disruptions of DTNBP1 in mice resulted in schizophrenia - like behaviours.

They found that, during infection, the gene had different levels of activity in the FHB - resistant and susceptible varieties.

In the illustration, each tissue type is followed by the number of genes whose level of activity is controlled by nearby genes on the same chromosome (cis); those whose activity is associated with genes on other chromosomes (trans); and the number of tissue samples studied.

These genes are more active in the young cave fish than in their sighted counterparts — an elevated level of activity that triggers cell death in the eye's lens.

The Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle, Washington, US, is today launching a four - year, $ 55 - million effort to build a three - dimensional map documenting the levels of activity of some 20,000 different genes across the human brain.

This gives a very detailed map of gene activity, down to the level of individual cells.

«Resilient mice overcome this change by counteradapting their gene expression [the suite of genes that act on the nucleus accumbens that are either turned on or off] to clamp down the levels of activity in the ventral tegmental area.»

More than 200 genes in the germ - free zebrafish showed levels of activity different than those in their bacteria - exposed cousins.

Interestingly, many of the genes identified in this study have been shown to have lower gene activity at the molecular level in autistic post mortem brain tissue samples.

«Micro-RNA regulates the levels of the target gene's activity,» he explained.

The researchers experimentally manipulated estrogen levels over several months in healthy women with both versions of the gene while monitoring their brain activity as they performed a working memory task.

Changing the accessibility of genes changes their activity levels.

Researchers also found that levels of cAMP and pCREB, possible upstream regulators of some circadian genes, were correlated with locomotor activity.

They assessed gene activity at time points known to correspond with key phases of disease: the «induction phase,» the time before the peak level of photoreceptor cell death; the «execution phase,» when the highest rates of photoreceptor cell death occur; and the «chronic phase,» during which photoreceptor cell death continues at somewhat reduced levels.

The CRG team has been working for a long time to achieve detailed quantitative analyses of Mycoplasma pneumoniae at every level: from genetics to metabolism, including patterns of gene activity and protein composition, and more.

«We found significantly higher levels of metabolic gene activity in fish exposed to higher temperatures for two generations, indicating that shifts in energy production are central to maintaining performance at higher temperatures.»

It turns out that zinc is vitally important for enabling cells to control the activity levels of different genes in our DNA.

The variant is a naturally occurring gain of function mutation that has been shown to have 8 to 12 times greater activity levels than the wildtype gene.

Gene - deficient mice also exhibit signs of spontaneous inflammatory disease, leading to the hypothesis that 4 - 1BB / 4 - 1BBL interactions also play major regulatory roles which might be manifest at the level of Treg or regulatory APC that promote Treg activity.

«In this study, we found two genes that control levels of lipids with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting exciting targets for diabetes and inflammatory diseases,» said co-senior author Alan Saghatelian, who holds the Dr. Frederik Paulsen Chair at the Salk Institute.

Others were unanticipated, including significant differences in expression levels among genes involved in fundamental cellular processes such as ribosomal biogenesis, transfer RNA processing, and Notch - signaling — part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions.

Among females, however, vapors laced with nicotine altered the activity levels of 148 genes in the brain's frontal cortex.

These studies will investigate the consequences of ApoF knockdown on cholesterol disposition in an animal model, quantify ApoF levels in human subjects and identify lipoprotein properties that cause ApoF to bind and subsequently inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, and investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling ApoF gene expression.