Sentences with phrase «levels of rural households»

This suggests that the challenge of 100 % electrification can only be overcome through concerted improvements at various levels — not the least in the income levels of rural households and in the reliability of power supply.

Not exact matches

«This form of government investment will hardly eradicate or reduce rural poverty, because of poor infrastructure and the severe economic inefficiencies of most agrarian settlements — which often result in high household - level turnover and giving - up rates of newly settled farmers following the local liquidation of natural forest resource capital.»

Boarding the small, two - level Expeditions Ferry in Lahaina, Maui, we were in the company of many locals carrying boxes of household goods — items they can't find on the rural island of Lana'i.

The researchers examined 13 levels of household income both in rural and urban areas, quantifying their carbon footprints.

The effects of place may also vary with individual and households characteristics.2 This is reflected in an urban excess of CMD only among those who were economically inactive, 51 variation in suicide rates with area level and individual socioeconomic factors, particularly unemployment, 52,53 and interaction between ethnicity and urban / rural location in the association with depressive symptoms among those living in poverty in the USA.54 Thus, place may only affect those with specific vulnerabilities.13

These included characteristics on multiple levels of the child's biopsychosocial context: (1) child factors: race / ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian / Pacific Islander / Alaska Native), age, gender, 9 - month Bayley Mental and Motor scores, birth weight (normal, moderately low, or very low), parent - rated child health (fair / poor vs good / very good / excellent), and hours per week in child care; (2) parent factors: maternal age, paternal age, SES (an ECLS - B — derived variable that includes maternal and paternal education, employment status, and income), maternal marital status (married, never married, separated / divorced / widowed), maternal general health (fair / poor versus good / very good / excellent), maternal depression (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 9 months and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood good for raising kids (excellent / very good, good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short Form (HOME - SF) score.

With regard to moderation of effects, we found stronger relationships in metropolitan areas than in rural / regional areas between SES (both area - and household - level indicators) and sports club membership.