The court rehearsed a consistent line of earlier rulings including Churchill v Wilkinson and Evans Case C - 442 / 10, [2013] 1 W L R1776 and confirmed that member states have no discretion to permit motor insurers to rely on statutory
provisions or contractual clauses to enable them to avoid their
liability to
meet third party claims, save where expressly permitted by the Motor Insurance Directives.
In addition, all three laws include
provisions that recognize that
liability insurance serves as an incentive to owners and as a source of compensation for those children who develop elevated blood lead levels — even if they live in units that
meet the standards.