Connect Austria is clarified as a case where the grant by the Austrian
authorities — at a possibly reduced price — of a mobile telecoms
licence to the
public undertaking could lead that undertaking to abuse resulting
from the ability to pass on the reduced prices to its customers (para. 111).
In all three cases the state and the state alone uses its
authority concerning inputs (lignite, the ability to export and a telecoms
licence) to the effect that the
public undertaking is protected
from too much competition.