The dominant might become rare, the rare might become dominant, but the kingdom as a whole persists, albeit with an altered mix of species, which in turn alters the elemental cycles that determine the basic
life chemistry of the sea.
Not exact matches
Some researchers also think it may be possible to compare the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other chemicals in a plume to «default» levels seen in asteroids, which were formed at the dawn
of the solar system — and ask if
life is manipulating the
chemistry there, or at least did so in the past.
These bright minds have submitted roughly 40,000 answers to more than 2,000 challenges in engineering, math,
chemistry,
life sciences, business and beyond, and won upward
of $ 40 million (prizes range from $ 5,000 to $ 1 million).
All we can do is break
Life down with the fuzzy math,
chemistry, and physics that we've created ourselves and either hypothesize or even BELIEVE the results
of our finding.
Highly energetic
chemistry is thought to have produced a self - replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago, and half a billion years later the last common ancestor
of all
life existed.
Every
life form on this planet is a bag
of chemistry, starting from a simple egg, developing in some cases to extraordinarily complex
life forms.
From that bag
of chemicals, an entire
life form with scores
of different types
of cells forms, all by
chemistry.
The essence
of Polanyi's critique
of this view is that
life requires something extraneous to physics and
chemistry in order to have emerged in evolution.
We have just looked at the view that biology is in principle reducible to physics and
chemistry and that
life can be fully explained in terms
of the movements
of molecules and atoms.
We must keep physics and
chemistry to their proper proportions in the scheme
of life.15
If the physiological aspects
of life are explicable in terms
of physics and
chemistry, it is likely that human mental processes are as well.
If it is questionable whether mental activity such as the planning and writing
of a book can be fully explained by the sciences
of physics and
chemistry, it may not be so doubtful that
life is also resistant to exhaustive explanation in terms
of atomic and molecular analysis.
Scientific reductionism, however, wants to reduce biology to physics and
chemistry, to explain the properties
of «
life», by thorough specification
of the particulars (atoms and molecules) that are integrated into cells and organisms.
Explaining
life solely in terms
of physics and
chemistry would be analogous to explaining how a town got built simply by demonstrating the crafts
of making and laying bricks.
And the human mind includes
life and matter, but it can not be fully understood in terms
of chemistry and biology.
I shall be discussing primarily the contemporary attempts to reduce
life and mind to «matter» as it is understood by a physics and
chemistry that may themselves be out
of date.
The moment
of passage into the spiritual realm is not something that can be observed with research in the fields
of physics and
chemistry — although we can nevertheless discern, through experimental research, a series
of very valuable signs
of what is specifically human
life.
With Polanyi I shall argue that the sequence
of base pairs in DNA is in fact extraneous to the
chemistry underlying the
life process.12 Chemical activity is
of course a necessary condition for the emergence and existence
of life; But it is not a sufficient condition.
Similarly, astrobiology predicts that
life emerges out
of geophysics via
chemistry.
This is to say, not just up into the complexities
of organisms where, in Whitehead's terms, we seek
life lurking in the interstices [PR 105 - 6], nor down into the magical realm
of quarks with charm, but focused on
chemistry.
Life, or Biology, is governed by the rules
of chemistry.
Life started because
of chemistry.
Organic
chemistry, or «the study
of carbon based compounds», explains how
life is simply a seires
of chemical reactions.
Some
of us took Monsanto's slogan to heart — better
living through
chemistry.
When scientists announce that the
chemistry of DNA is so certain, universal and uniform that all forms
of life on earth are essentially the same, a credulous public jumps to the conclusion that traditional claims for the uniqueness
of the human species have been nullified.
And any claim that
life has been reduced to physics and
chemistry must in these days, if it is to carry conviction, be accompanied by an account
of the dynamics and statistics and the operating reliability
of enzymes ultimately in terms
of present - day groundwork
of physics, namely quantum mechanical concepts.
So
of course the real problem
of life is not that all the structures and molecules in the cell appear to comply with the known laws
of physics and
chemistry.
St. John Paul II was fascinated by the hard sciences (physics,
chemistry, astronomy) throughout his
life; for decades, he hosted at Castel Gandolfo a bi-annual seminar
of leading figures in those fields, so that he could keep abreast
of developments in their disciplines.
Hitherto, in the eyes
of a Science too much accustomed to reconstruct the world on one spatial axis extending in a line from the infinitely small to the infinitely great, the larger molecules
of organic
chemistry, and still more the
living cellular composites, have existed without any defined position, like wandering stars, in the general scheme
of cosmic elements.
He consider the sort
of chemical mélange that is likely to have arisen from spontaneous, garden - variety
chemistry on the primitive Earth, prior to the origin
of life.
For example, the laws applying to
living cells are less predictive than the laws
of physics and
chemistry The laws discoverable about multicelled
life are even more distant from the (deterministic) ideal
of complete predictability.
Along with dualistic mythology several developments in scientific thought since the seventeenth century have contributed to the exorcism
of mind from nature: first, there is the cosmography
of classical (Newtonian) physics picturing our world as composed
of inanimate, unconscious bits
of «matter» needing only the brute laws
of inertia to explain their action; second, the Darwinian theory
of evolution with its emphasis on chance, waste and the apparent «impersonality»
of natural selection; third, the laws
of thermodynamics (and particularly the second law) with the allied cosmological interpretation that our universe is running out
of energy available to sustain
life, evolution and human consciousness; fourth, the geological and astronomical disclosure
of enormous tracts
of apparently lifeless space and matter in the universe; fifth, the recent suggestions that
life may be reducible to an inanimate chemical basis; and, finally, perhaps most shocking
of all, the suspicion that mind may be explained exhaustively in terms
of mindless brain
chemistry.
The phenomenon
of growing consciousness on earth, in short, is directly due to the increasingly advanced organisation
of more and more complicated elements, successively created by the working
of chemistry and
of Life.
Although he
lives in a world
of common sense, he knows that nuclear science, space exploration, and studies in neurology and brain
chemistry are changing the picture
of the world.
In the cell, for example, there is a «holding together»
of the levels
of chemistry and
life.
Biology, as an example, by virtue
of its structure, makes possible the requisite degree
of conceptual origination, having the characteristic
of «
life,» which is not true
of chemistry or physics.
Even if such study leads us to something comparatively unromantic or unexciting, like «electrons, or the organic
chemistry of the
living cell, or the autonomic nervous system or the sun or anything else, then the workable idea
of God would say: Lo, this is God.
For physical science you have in these
lives merely ordinary examples
of the operation
of the principles
of physiological
chemistry, and
of the dynamics
of nervous reactions: for religion you have
lives of the most profound significance in the history
of the world.
We are not to look for some pale disembodied soul - existence, but for a rich, embodied
life — although the «body» will be one appropriate to the heavenly state, not one fitted for a world
of physics and
chemistry.
To explain the second strategy, let us recall the display
of the reductionist order
of the sciences along the «Comtean ladder,» which arranges the forms
of life and the corresponding specialized disciplines in an ascending series
of rungs starting with physics at the base, followed by
chemistry, biology, psychology, sociology and, depending on one's inclination, history and religion.
«The philosophical question that has not been answered in origin -
of -
life studies is this: How can a universe
of mindless matter produce beings with intrinsic ends, self - replication capabilities, and «coded
chemistry»?
The basic principle under food
chemistry is to create the methods that makes it possible to harvest, preserve, process and prepare the food with high nutritional value for human consumption and increase the shelf
life of food products without causing any diseases to the human.
Reading will no doubt try defending for dear
life which we could also expect
of che especially if they go a goal up, and we have to consider if we change too many or even one or two jigsaw pieces will it break our momentum or team
chemistry in any way.
With as many as nine first - round picks over the next four years, along with the growing perception that Orlando has turned into the place for celebrity athletes to
live, Gabriel should be able to upgrade his team and merrily tinker with its
chemistry over the next couple
of years.
«Quite frankly, we
live in the information age and there's a great deal
of information available if you know where to look for it on how to use
chemistry to create explosive materials,» said lieutenant Mark Torres, commander
of the bomb squad.
It was step one in the birth
of chemistry and the emergence
of stars, planets and
life itself.
The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental
chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions
of systems
of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block
of all
life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions
of the tissues and organ systems
of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.
That would change the
chemistry happening on the planet in a way that could make any signs
of life tricky to distinguish from geochemical processes.
This book, which grows out
of an exhibit at the Grolier Club in New York, introduces the
lives, sayings, and dreams
of sixteen women over four centuries and chronicles their contributions to mathematics, physics,
chemistry, astronomy, computer science, and medicine.
A subject in a study
of the effects
of hallucinogens on brain
chemistry recounts her mystical,
life - changing experiences under the influence
of psilocybin