In many households, the stepparent is more involved with a child's
life than the biological parent.
Not exact matches
Children
living with both
biological parents are 20 to 35 percent more physically healthy
than children from homes without both
biological parents present.
Those who had lost a
parent through death felt no more marital anxiety
than those from intact families, while those who'd never
lived with a
biological father had the same feelings of anxiety as the offspring of divorce.
Pamela Webster, Ph.D., and colleagues surveyed more
than 13,000 adults whose
parents had divorced, who had experienced the death of a
parent, or who had never
lived with their
biological father.
Ruby's horrid adoptive
parents were no more ready for her
than her
biological parents, who had lost a child too soon before they brought her into their
lives.
Using the 1999 National Survey of American Families, Brown found that only 1.5 percent of all children
lived with two cohabiting
parents at the time of the survey.17 Similarly, an analysis of the 1995 Adolescent Health Study (Add Health) revealed that less
than one - half of 1 percent of adolescents aged sixteen to eighteen had spent their entire childhoods
living with two continuously cohabiting
biological parents.18
They have less education, earn less income, report poorer relationship quality, and experience more mental health problems.12 These considerations suggest that children
living with cohabiting
biological parents may be worse off, in some respects,
than children
living with two married
biological parents.
«A longitudinal study on over 1,000 children who
lived with both
biological parents found that children whose fathers wore seat belts, had car insurance, and had precautionary savings were more successful as adults
than their peers whose fathers did not engage in these activities.»]
One study5 found that children in both single -
parent families and stepfamilies were more likely to experience hospitalization or an injury attributable to accident
than were children
living with both
biological parents.
There can be no more
than eight children, including the foster
parents biological children,
living in the home.
It's primarily about economic well - being, but: «Children
living with both
biological parents reported higher levels of
life satisfaction
than children
living with a single
parent or
parent / step -
parent... Controlling perceived family affluence, the difference between joint physical custody families and single mother or mother / stepfather families became non-significant... [and] children in the Nordic countries characterised by strong welfare systems reported significantly higher levels of
life satisfaction in all
living arrangements except in single father households.
Moreover, research shows that even after one controls for a range of family background differences, children who grow up
living in an intact household with both
biological parents present seem to do better, on average, on a wide range of social indicators
than do children who grow up in a single -
parent household (McLanahan and Sandefur, 1994).
Child Abuse: While children
living with their unmarried
biological mother and her
live - in boyfriend face a higher risk of suffering child abuse
than kids in any other type of family, children who
live with their own cohabiting
parents are more likely to be abused
than children of married
parents.
Children raised by never - married mothers are seven times more likely to
live in poverty
than children raised by their
biological parents in intact marriages.
«Children who
live with their
biological fathers are, on average, at least two to three times more likely not to be poor, less likely to use drugs, less likely to experience educational, health, emotional and behavioral problems, less likely to be victims of child abuse, and less likely to engage in criminal behavior
than their peers who
live without their married,
biological (or adoptive)
parents.»
Dr. Coleman writes: «Divorce may introduce new adults into children's
lives — adults who can cause the child to feel disloyal to the
parent who's not there; adults who may compete for the love, attention, and resources from the
parent who is; adults who generally have less investment in the child's well - being
than the
biological parent.»
Other results show that children who
live absent their
biological fathers are more likely to be poor, to use drugs, to experience educational, health, emotional and behavioral problems, to be victims of child abuse, and to engage in criminal behavior
than their peers who
live with their married,
biological (or adoptive)
parents.
Among young children, for example, those
living with no
biological parents, or in single -
parent households, are less likely
than children with two
biological parents to exhibit behavioral self - control, and more likely to be exposed to high levels of aggravated
parenting,
than are children
living with two
biological parents.
Among children in two -
parent families, those
living with both
biological parents in a low - conflict marriage tend to do better on a host of outcomes
than those
living in step -
parent families.
[3] Children
living with two married adults (
biological or adoptive
parents) have, in general, better health, greater access to health care, and fewer emotional or behavioral problems
than children
living in other types of families.
Fact: «Although early research suggests that youth
living in two -
parent biological families fare better on a range of developmental outcomes
than those in single -
parent or alternative structures (Amato and Keith, 1991), this research typically finds that effects of family structure on developmental outcomes such as delinquency are not strong (Hetherington and Kelly, 2002)... More tangible differences in family dynamics or circumstances — such as supervision practices — are largely responsible when study groups have different outcomes... The highest rates of delinquency were for youth in father - only households, followed by father - stepmother...»
Fact: «Although children
living with married rather
than cohabiting
parents fare better in terms of material well - being, this advantage is accounted for by race and ethnic group and
parents» education... the initial marriage advantage for children
living with two
biological parents (cohabiting two
biologicals vs. married two
biological) and stepparents (cohabiting stepparents vs. married stepparents) are explained by the covariates included in the models.
Fact: «Nonresident fathers showed slightly lower levels of involvement when their adolescents did not
live with their
biological mothers, supporting previous work that suggests a pattern of mothers pulling nonresident fathers into
parenting (Harris & Ryan, 2004), rather
than gatekeeping to limit contact with the adolescent.»
Child gender and birthweight (in grams) were also included, as were whether the child resided in a family with more
than three
biological children or not (large family size), and whether or not
parents of the study child had experienced depression in the first 2 years of the child's
life based on a score of 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
Overall, the distributions of the different attachment styles in children
living in institutions have been shown to have lower rates of secure and higher rates of disorganised attachment
than those observed in children
living with their
biological parents in the general population (Bakermans - Kranenburg et al. 2011; Katsurada 2007; Muadi et al. 2012; Zeanah et al. 2005).