«The Toomey - Feinstein partial repeal would make the RFS even more burdensome for Americans because it will focus the mandate on costly phantom fuels
like cellulosic ethanol.
Better biofuels (
like cellulosic ethanol and biodiesel made from non-food or waste sources) have the potential to cut our oil use by 1.7 million barrels per day by 2035.
That includes research into algae as well as programs focused on converting alternative feedstocks
like cellulosic biomass.
This should provide an incentive for shifting to a new generation of fuels
like cellulosic ethanol that will reduce concerns about food prices and the environment.
The United States expanded its federal biofuels mandate in a 2007 law to reach 36 billion gallons by 2022, with up to 15 billion gallons coming from corn ethanol and the balance from so - called advanced biofuels
like cellulosic ethanol.
Not exact matches
Chemists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are closing in on cheap ways to make
cellulosic ethanol, a form of ethanol derived from agricultural waste rather than food crops
like soybeans or corn.
As a result, both private companies
like UOP, government agencies
like DARPA and commercial organizations such as CAAFI have begun to consider a broader array of sources, including the oil from the seeds of Brazil's babassu palm tree or the conversion of the woody or
cellulosic parts of plants.
Cellulosic ethanol can be derived from inedible crops
like switchgrass, but the technology is still largely confined to the laboratory.
«Cost competitive, energy responsible
cellulosic ethanol made from switchgrass or from forestry waste
like sawdust and wood chips requires a more complex refining process but it's worth the investment,» Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman said at the Range Fuels facility groundbreaking in November.
Gasoline -
like fuels can be made from
cellulosic materials such as farm and forestry waste using a new process invented by chemists at the University of California, Davis.
Future technologies that need R&D: high - efficiency photovoltaics (say, 50 % conversion)(as well as lowering the cost of PV), energy storage systems for intermittent sources
like solar and wind (hydrogen storage, other methods), advances in biofuel technology (for example, hydrogen production from algae,
cellulosic ethanol, etc..)
A pollinium is a waxy mass of pollen grains held together by the glue -
like alkaloid viscin, containing both
cellulosic strands and mucopolysaccharides.
Date: February 3, 2014; Source: University of California - Davis; Summary: Gasoline -
like fuels can be made from
cellulosic materials such as farm and forestry waste using a new process.
Serious efforts to find an economically sound and carbon - smart biological - based fuel — such as
cellulosic ethanol (
like soy) or algae and bacteria - derived fuel.
Even supporters
like the Natural Resources Defense Council, which just last year had waxed enthusiastic that
cellulosic ethanol is «too good to be true,» are now more reserved.
With so many announcements of big partners
like Shell, BP, Exxon, and so many companies talking about the low cost of their fuels, where is the gallonage in
cellulosic ethanol?
High ethanol blended fuels,
like E85, are not viable solutions for reaching renewable fuel consumption targets of the RFS, even if
cellulosic standards are waived.
[18:45] Third, to create a market for alternative sources of energy
like solar, wind,, I'll require that 25 % of our electricity comes renewable sources by 2025, and that we produce two billion gallons of advanced
cellulosic biofuels by 2013.
Researchers
like Heather are an important part of the mix of professionals — from executives and financiers, to farmers and scientists, and everything in between — working to ensure
cellulosic biofuels continue to reduce our oil use and fuel a better future.
There's just one problem: Despite Washington's mandates — which fall on refiners and producers of motor fuels
like ExxonMobil —
cellulosic ethanol doesn't actually exist in any meaningful volumes.
Whereas early estimates — the ones that helped spur the
cellulosic ethanol mandates — put the cost at $ 30 a ton, the actual costs are more
like $ 80 to $ 130 a ton.
Based on the cost for plants
like the one BP proposed in Florida, the cost could be 10 times higher for a
cellulosic plant than a corn ethanol one, at least for the first plants, says Wallace Tyner, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University.
These resources — which include
cellulosic fuels
like perennial grasses, forest and agricultural residues, and waste — tend to have fewer and more easily - managed impacts.
(Note that the study did not look at first generation biofuels made from tropical crops
like sugarcane or sweet sorghum which reduce emissions far more than corn ethanol; for sugarcane ethanol, the reduction is as large as that of
cellulosic biofuels, earlier post.)
But California says it ain't so — they say that due to the new state emissions standards, they've got to encourage cleaner forms of energy
like hydrogen,
cellulosic ethanol, and electricity.
GM is pinning its biofuel hopes on Coskata, a biofuel start - up bankrolled by the
likes of VC heavyweight Vinod Khosla, which has devised a commercially viable process to bring
cellulosic ethanol to market by 2011.
What we would
like to see from Toyota and other car makers: More affordable very fuel - efficient and low - emission hybrids, plug - in hybrids, all cars flex fuel so that they can run on
cellulosic ethanol when it is available (the fuel sensors required for that are apparently only about $ 30 - no reason not to include them in all cars), diesel - hybrids with the latest emission technology (to run on biodiesel where available, of course) and, as soon as battery technology is ready, affordable electric - only vehicles.
In other words,
cellulosic conversion technology could easily drive deforestation, especially in the tropics where converting natural systems to fuel would be easier than planting potential fuel - crops
like oil palm, sugar cane, soybeans, or corn.