Some of the changes in climate are due to short - term factors
like large volcanic eruptions that launched tiny particles of sulfuric acid into the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) in 1963, 1982, and 1991.
In addition things
like large volcanic eruptions are not visible in Nino3.4 but very visible in global SST.
I've sometimes thought that global cataclysms
like the largest volcanic eruptions would disrupt the glacial records by many years, like Oruanui eruption c. 26500bp, as these would induce unrecorded behavior in weather and other things, f.e. the huge ash deposits might decrease the albedo so much a local melting event happens.
Current computer models can faithfully simulate many of the important aspects of the global climate system, such as changes in global average temperature over many decades; the march of the seasons on large spatial scales; and how the climate responds to large - scale forcing,
like a large volcanic eruption.
Not exact matches
The study, published online today in Nature Communications, used sophisticated climate model simulations to show that El Niño tends to peak during the year after
large volcanic eruptions like the one at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991.
An impact hypothesis is usefully contrasted to the impacts of a
large volcanic eruption like Pinatubo in 1991.
Santorini as a whole has a
large half moon
like bay due to a
large volcanic eruption that collapsed the center of the island covering the current inhabitants and creating the bay.
Cultural History eBooks: What was it
like to experience the the
largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century?
Short - term cyclical factors (ENSO, solar variability, etc.), noisy annual variation, and unpredictable factors
like the precise amount of sulfates we're going to emit or whether we're going to have any
large volcanic eruptions make predictions over very short time periods (
like a decade) next to worthless.
While the biggest
volcanic eruptions — including
large igneous provinces
like the Siberian Traps — are known to be linked to climate upheaval and even mass extinctions, emerging work shows that under the right conditions, smaller
eruptions or series of
eruptions can also affect climate.