Sentences with phrase «like photoreceptor cells»
Detlev Arendt and Joachim Wittbrodt, developmental biologists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, jumped into the fray after Arendt noticed some vertebrate - like photoreceptor cells in the brains of ragworms, a marine species that hasn't changed much for 500 million years.
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Genetic diseases like retinitis pigmentosa destroy the photosensitive cells of the eye, the photoreceptors, but often leave intact the other cells in the retina: the bipolar cells that the photoreceptors normally talk to, and the ganglion cells that are the retina's output to the brain.
Human ES cells treated with Noggin, Dickkopf - 1, and Insulin - like Growth Factor - 1 proteins differentiate into functional photoreceptors [5].
A population of these cells forms a layer deep to the photoreceptors, where they contain intracellular pigment granules and appear superficially like an extra RPE layer, even though they do not express at least two characteristic RPE proteins.
The treatment makes these ganglion cells act like photoreceptors, responding to patterns of light that pass through the retina and converting them into patterns of electricity that go directly to the brain.