It may have been more
like polar oceans on Earth, dotted with icebergs.
Not exact matches
Outside of the relatively barren open
ocean and
polar wastelands, the fraction of the populated planet with naturally dark skies is limited to off - the - beaten - path places
like Chad, Papua New Guinea and Madagascar — and is steadily shrinking.
The most frigid
polar regions and the darkest depths of the
ocean are home for a few organisms that
like a good chill.
Closer investigation of these plumes, originating from geysers blasting from
polar fissures in Enceladus» icy crust, revealed this water was coming from a warm subsurface salty
ocean and the water was laced with hydrocarbons and ammonia, or «many of the ingredients that life would need if it were to start in an environment
like that,» Soderblom tells HowStuffWorks.
They either live mostly in the sea or,
like polar bears, depend on the
ocean for food.
[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the
oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger
polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just
like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)
If you ever see a good time series animation of SSTs, you will know that there is significant movement of water and temperatures within the world's
oceans (
like there is with
polar ice extents.)
More important, events
like this are inevitable on a planet that has an
ocean with the geography of the Atlantic (meaning a Gulf Stream -
like feature), a large north - south continent on its western margin without a transverse mountain range to inhibit the merger of tropical warmth with
polar cold, and four seasons in the temperate latitudes.
No possible good ending for the
likes of Mann, Rahmstorf, Santer, Schmidt, Feely (PMEL
ocean acidification), Stirling, Derocher, and Rode (
polar bears), Naomi Oreskes (Merchants of Doubt), or younger «ordained priests»
like Shakun (proxy CO2) and Marcott (proxy temp a la Mann).
Thus, a slightly warmer atmosphere acts
like a control knob to create a much warmer
ocean and even faster warming
polar region.
When
polar ice melts the earth changes shape: mass (ice) which was concentrated at the poles, with a short arm of inertia, is spread evenly around the
ocean surface, averaging something
like 63 degrees latitude.
This summer school is aimed at postgraduate students and early career scientists who would
like to obtain a solid grounding in
polar climate system science, with a particular focus on the atmosphere,
ocean and sea ice and their interactions.
In a world where the sea - level is rising, the
oceans are heating, and the
polar ice is melting — all without pause or evident limit — it's no wonder that more - and - more serious yet formerly skeptical scientists —
like Dr. Petr Chylek and Adm David Titley for example — are embracing James Hansen's climate - science consensus!
Where is there anything
like the mutual feedback between the
ocean, the
polar ice cap, the clouds, and the atmosphere?
That has to be the crux of the AGW debate, because people
like Mielser can procrastinate about penguins,
polar bears and heat devouring
oceans (how AGW, which is an atmospheric phenomenon, can keep the air at the same temperature but cause the seas to warm is beyond comprehension!)