Most of these entailed hindcasting, but Hansen's 1988 model projections have exhibited some skill in a forecasting mode, despite his use of inputs now known to overestimate the most
likely value of climate sensitivity.
The most
likely value of climate sensitivity from the AR4 [the fourth report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] was about 3 degrees.
Not exact matches
The precise
sensitivity of the
climate to increasing CO2 is still fairly uncertain: 2 — 4.5 °C is a fairly wide range
of likely values.
From the article: «The most
likely value of equilibrium
climate sensitivity based on the energy budget
of the most recent decade is 2.0 °C, with a 5 — 95 % confidence interval
of 1.2 — 3.9 °C»
You may not be able to «prove» such an honest estimate, but it is more
likely to be correct than a
value based on some estimate
of short term
climate sensitivity.
Some analysis
of climate sensitivity has worked with a uniform prior — that's just one where all
values are considered equally
likely prior to incorporating our data.
Consider the implications for glacial
climate of a
sensitivity of twice the most
likely value of 3 °C, i.e. 6 °C.
As these figures show, estimates from both models and observational data consistently find that the most
likely climate sensitivity value is approximately 3 °C for a doubling
of CO2.
Plugging in our possible
climate sensitivity values, this gives us an expected surface temperature change
of about 1 — 2.2 °C
of global warming, with a most
likely value of 1.4 °C.
[¶]... Basing our assessment on a combination
of several independent lines
of evidence, as summarised in Box 10.2 Figures 1 and 2, including observed
climate change and the strength
of known feedbacks simulated in GCMs, we conclude that the global mean equilibrium warming for doubling CO2, or «equilibrium
climate sensitivity», is
likely to lie in the range 2 °C to 4.5 °C, with a most
likely value of about 3 °C.
The precise
sensitivity of the
climate to increasing CO2 is still fairly uncertain: 2 — 4.5 °C is a fairly wide range
of likely values.
Equilibrium
climate sensitivity is
likely to be in the range 2 °C to 4.5 °C with a most
likely value of about 3 °C, based upon multiple observational and modelling constraints.
You are correct that
climate sensitivity is probably more uncertain than to < 10 %, however there is a substantial literature on why it is very
likely greater than 1.5 - 2 C per doubling
of CO2, while ruling out higher end
values of climate sensitivity is much more difficult.
In most cases, these range from about 2 to 4.5 C per doubled CO2 within the context
of our current
climate — with a most
likely value between 2 and 3 C. On the other hand, chapter 9 describes attempts ranging far back into paleoclimatology to relate forcings to temperature change, sometimes directly (with all the attendant uncertainties), and more often by adjusting model parameters to determine the
climate sensitivity ranges that allow the models to best simulate data from the past — e.g., the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
Using a much wider range
of evidence, the IPCC puts the
likely climate sensitivity range to a doubling
of CO2 at 2 to 4.5 °C with a most
likely value of 3 °C.
In your view, what is the
likely value for
climate sensitivity for global warming from doubling
of CO2?
Another point worth making about the figure is that greater
values of climate sensitivity likely translate into quicker evolution
of the
climate, all other things being equal (e.g., Bahn et al., 2011, Fig. 2).
Mark B What, you mean this bit:, we conclude that the global mean equilibrium warming for doubling CO2, or «equilibrium
climate sensitivity», is
likely to lie in the range 2 °C to 4.5 °C, with a most
likely value of about 3 °C.
Knutti and Hegerl in the November, 2008 Natural Geoscience paper, The equilibrium
sensitivity of the Earth's temperature to radiation changes, says various observations favor a
climate sensitivity value of about 3 degrees C, with a
likely range
of about 2 — 4.5 degrees C per the following graphic whereas the current IPCC uncertainty is range is between 1.5 - 4.5 degrees C.
The IPCC currently estimates the
climate sensitivity at somewhere between 2 and 4.5 degrees Celsius, with a most
likely value of 3 degrees Celsius.
However, our current understanding
of the range
of likely climate sensitivity values isn't much better than it was decades ago.
A key example
of this balancing process concerns the best
value of what is known as the
climate sensitivity, that is the increase in global average temperature associated with a doubling
of atmospheric carbon dioxide that, unless severe mitigating action is taken, is
likely to occur during the second half
of the 21st century.
«Using a probabilistic setup
of a reduced complexity model and an ensemble
of an Earth System Model, we showed that unforced
climate variability is important in the estimation
of the
climate sensitivity, in particular when estimating the most
likely value, and more so for the equilibrium than for the transient response.
You're right that a
climate sensitivity of 3 degrees is not derived from first principles, but from various observed
climate responses (volcanoes, LGM, etc) a
value not too far removed from 3 is deemed most
likely.