If industry - generated aerosols have a more
limited cooling effect than originally thought, we can clean up and scale down dirty coal plants without worrying too much about consequent sudden jumps in global temperatures of up to 2 degrees C (if I remember the upper limits of earlier studies correctly).
Not exact matches
In fact, the license renewal process is
limited, focusing on environmental
effects, such as endangered species, the
effects of
cooling water systems on fish and ground water quality; and, physical plant safety, such as the long term maintenance of coolant system piping or steam generators, as well as motors, diesel generators, and batteries.
Because a hurricane
cools surface water, it discourages the formation of later storms in its wake, providing a form of negative feedback that
limits the hurricane merging
effect.
These can have a
limited effect on ozone levels (by serving as hetrogeneous reaction sites) and can reflect enough of the sun's light back into space to cause a notable global
cooling.
Rich environments: We pushed our artists to the
limits to produce the best immersive, atmospheric backgrounds, smoothest animations, and
coolest special
effects, setting a new benchmark for 2D games.
I haven't had a chance to try the 3DS yet so my experience is
limited, but I fail to see how it can be used for anything more than a
cool special
effect every now and again.
Rockman 4 Minus Infinity: A completely thorough MM4 hack that tranforms it into a completely different game where the bosses have totally different attacks and AI (effectively, all new robot masters), you get totally different weapons, and there are all of these
cool effects that totally push the
limits of an NES ROM.
but even if the current tooo - short - to - call
cooling trend reverses, and it is proved that co2 MIGHT have some
limited effect on planetary warming, then the question is, how much warming?
Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the
limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or
cooling will tend to be evenly split between upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or
cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric adjustment to have opposite
effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the upward flux at TOA).
For instance the earth's global ocean already has an albedo close to zero so greenhouse gases are
limited there and because GHGs modus operandi is restricting radiative
cooling and the ocean is still free to
cool evaporatively there is no first order significant
effect of greenhouse gases over a liquid ocean.
Because the cloud
effect is self
limiting, it's instantly reversible as ice cover stops fauna and flora from producing aerosols in the
cooling World, so allows the IA.
Lead
cooled reactor accident risk
limited to the loss of reactor itself without
effecting enviroment.
As noted in the article, the
effects seem
limited primarily to Europe, but did not produce a substantial
cooling planet wide.
My
limited understanding is that the pressure changes with depth affect the rate of expansion for a given temperature change, and the actual temperature has an
effect, too - e.g., maximum density of fresh water is at 4C, so either
cooling or warming at that point will cause expansion.
While the global
effect is very
limited, significant
cooling is shown for Northern Europe, Northern Asia, and North America, with many other regions exhibiting a warming trend.
If you were able to read more than the headlines, you would have read that these «
cooling»
effects are self -
limiting, and may reverse anyway.
It is not possible to calculate the
effect of anthropogenic CO2 until we know within closer
limits what the natural variation is.For example if you look at the ice core data for the Holocene and if you believe that CO2 is the climate driver you would have to conclude that on a scale of thousands of years CO2 was an Ice House — not a green house gas.For the data and an estimate of the coming
cooling for the next few hundred years check the post» Climate Forecasting for Britain's Seven Alarmist Scientists and for UK Politicians.»
One reason is that hurricanes pull cold water up to the surface from the depths as they churn through, and the
cooling effect acts in a self -
limiting way.