But so far,
limited ocean measurements show the AMOC to be far more capricious than the models have been able to capture.
Not exact matches
On - site
measurements in the Southern
Ocean still require enormous efforts, so they are quite
limited,» says Dr. Martin.
That is a question climate scientists have so far been unable to answer because of
limited opportunities to take robust
ocean - atmosphere
measurements around the planet and because of inherent challenges in existing computer models.
These monitors provided detailed local
measurements but due to their
limited range,
oceans and low - population areas were poorly represented.
Note that this sampling noise in the tide gauge data most likely comes from the water sloshing around in the
ocean under the influence of winds etc., which looks like sea - level change if you only have a very
limited number of
measurement points, although this process can not actually change the true global - mean sea level.
The team estimate that the extent of warming in the southern hemisphere
oceans since 1970 could be more than twice what has been inferred from the
limited direct
measurements we have for this region.
Because the GISS analysis combines available sea surface temperature records with meteorological station
measurements, we test alternative choices for the
ocean data, showing that global temperature change is sensitive to estimated temperature change in polar regions where observations are
limited.
My
limited understanding is that if I take a temperature
measurement at a ship on the Pacific
Ocean (Surface Temperature) then fly up to the Lower Troposphere some 8 to 15 Klms above my position the Temperature
measurement will be cooler.
While
measurements of deep -
ocean temperatures existed further back in the past, they were taken only in
limited locations until 1999, when Argo buoys were widely deployed.
Briefly, there are so many known unknowns on the
measurement of
ocean pH, especially those from years ago, that the error
limits are quite wide.
For detail on the
ocean measurement system and its
limits, then I guess start with Von Schuckmann and La Treon.
I suppose we would need to know more about
ocean temperatures before the 1950s to confirm that, but based on the
limited timespan of
measurements it's an interesting possibility.
However, our understanding of how the
ocean impacts the global mean surface temperature is strongly
limited by available observations, which historically have consisted primarily of sea surface temperature (SST)
measurements.
Unlike IR
measurements, which are
limited to cloud - free areas, microwave retrievals provide a largely uninterrupted view of the surface temperature over the world's
oceans.
QuikSCAT
measurements are also
limited to a spatial resolution of 12.5 km and are not routinely made closer than about 30 km from land.26 Many in the microwave breakout group argued that high priority should be given to a sustained, more capable, next - generation scatterometer program that can meet these requirements while at the same time continuing the
ocean surface vector winds CDR established by QuikSCAT.
Such field
measurements are sparse, however, and the record of remotely sensed
ocean color observations — the chief source of global biogeochemical data today — is
limited to the sea surface and does not include a number of key variables.