The linear time domain features are the most straightforward metrics of HRV to calculate.
The cause - and - effect argument only makes sense to us since we live in
a linear time domain, and we have no reason to assume there was linear time before the Big Bang.
Not exact matches
B. 4 MATH INVOLVED: ◾ Students evaluate polynomial functions for inputs in their
domains ◾ Each problem gives a set of 1 to 3 functions like this: -LCB- h (x) = -5 x-3, m (x) = 5x ² +22 x-1, j (x) = -3 x ² -5 x -RCB- And are asked to evaluate something like this: h ^ -1 -LRB--5) + m -LRB--3)- j (1) ◾ Inverse functions are used in
linear cases randomly about 40 % of the
time ◾ Students gain practice with exponent and integer laws (yes senior students still make those mistakes!)
This gives us a simple,
linear shift of the curve in the
time domain.
Basset et al21 studied 29 BD participants who had been well for at least the last 3 months and compared
linear time and frequency
domain measures of HRV to 41 participants with major depressive disorder and 38 healthy controls during sleep.
Initial studies of HRV used relatively simple
linear algorithms to quantify variability and autonomic function, either in the
time domain or the frequency
domain.7 Later studies suggested that interactions between the autonomic nervous system and the regulation of the cardiovascular system may be non-
linear, with more complex non-
linear algorithms potentially providing better metrics to quantify these interactions.
Furthermore, a study investigating parasympathetic and sympathetic activity through the use of RSA in 12 patients with BPD and 28 healthy controls had ECG recorded for three 5 min stages (at rest or stressed) found BPD was associated with lower values of RSA suggesting increased levels of sympathetic activity and decreased levels of parasympathetic activity.33 Meyer et al recorded 5 min ECG signals on 27 participants with BPD, 23 in remission from BPD, 18 suffering from PTSD and 23 healthy controls.34 Significant differences were only found between PTSD participants and controls; however, BPD participants had reduced variability across
linear time and frequency
domain measures compared with controls.