You did not answer the question of why
liquid in a thermometer shows an anomalous change to heating, whereas the oceans so far appear to have not, as expressed by sea level, in a time of alleged record anthropogenic GHG emissions.
Not exact matches
When I boiled the
liquid I put the
thermometer in and it started to boil at medium heat.
Remove steak from marinade and shake off any excess
liquid, then grill each side for just a few minutes, until outside is nicely seared
in spots and internal temperature reaches 130 °F (check with an instant - read
thermometer) for medium - rare.
The water pen features a
liquid specimen vial with volume markings, built -
in dropper, and
thermometer.
, Rischling Predicting 1 - Predicting for a Graph, JRM, c. 1972 Measuring - Estimation and Comparisions Using the Metric System, Dennis Stages
in Life Cycles Plant Exercise - Describing Growth from Parts of Plants, Rischling Measuring Volumes and the Solid,
Liquid and Gaseous States of Matter, Smith Observing Animal Motion and Responses to Stimuli, Smith Classifying 6 - Kinds of Living Things
in an Aquarium, Margate Many Kinds of Trees, JRM, c. 1972 Using Space / Time Relationships - Symmetry and Shapes of Animals, Gillis, c. 1972 Measuring - Temperature and
Thermometers, Livermore Predicting 2 - Surveying Opinion, Dennis, c. 1972 SAPA Part C 2nd Draft, 1972 Classifying - Kinds of Living Things
in a Terrarium, Troyer Predicting 2 - Syrveying Opinion, Dennis Predicting 1 - Predicting for a Graph, Mayor Measuring Forces with Springs, Smith Observing Animal Motion and Responses to Stimuli, Mayor Measuring Volumes and the Solid,
Liquid and Gaseous States of Matter, Smith Measuring - Temperature and Thermometes, Livermore Classifying 9 - Components of Mixtures, Livermore Inferring 2 - How Certain Can You Be?
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Such an assumption is especially unwarranted
in the case of temperature readings, given that siting problems almost always will increase temperature readings compared to clean sites (e.g., UHI, asphalt, buildings; I have not yet heard of a
thermometer placed 10 feet from a tank of outgassing
liquid nitrogen, although such is possible).
Many local factors influence the observed temperature: whether a station is
in a valley with cold air drainage, whether the station is a
liquid -
in - glass
thermometer in a standard wooden shelter or an electronic
thermometer in the new smaller and more open plastic shelters, whether the station reads and resets its maximum and minimum
thermometers in the coolest time of the day
in early morning or
in the warmest time of the day
in the afternoon, etc..
However, if the discontinuity was cause by and old
Liquid -
in - Glass
thermometer (which had experienced zero creep) being replaced with a new
thermometer, then the appropriate correction would be to assume that the new
thermometer was correct, and the old
thermometer was correct when installed, and to scale the old
thermometer readings down proportionally over the life of the old
thermometer.
(The abbreviation LIG stands for
liquid -
in - glass i.e. mercury and alcohol
thermometers.
The BoM, however, claims that temperature measurements from electronic probes are nevertheless «comparable» with measurements from mercury
thermometers because the BoM's «purpose - designed» probes «closely mirror» the behaviour of
liquid -
in - glass
thermometers, including the time constant.
A funny thing is, that if you only accept temperature measurement based on first principles, neither
liquid -
in - glass nor semiconductor
thermometers provide it...
A
liquid - expansion or platinum - resistance
thermometer placed
in the atmosphere at elevation 2m (for example) above ocean or land surface measures: — molecular kinetic energy (molecular translational energy, heat) plus — LWR energy plus — molecular vibrational energy of the GHGs (primarily H2O
in the gaseous form) because LWR energy and molecular vibrational energy of the GHGs are transmuted to molecular kinetic energy (molecular translational energy, heat) upon impacting upon the molecules of the solid and I understand that there is no transverse electromagnetic radiation inside a solid.
FWIW, it should be quite easy to design and set up a temporary gadget with a small micro-processor, a digital camera (or other optical sensor) with some simple software, and a 4G modem to simply register, record and transmit the temperature (as indicated by the height of the
liquid in an LiG
thermometer) from a few actual weather stations to a database.
The Thredbo weather station opened
in 1966, and recorded an average of 2.5 days per year below minus 10 degrees until 1996 when an automatic weather station was installed — replacing the previous
liquid -
in - glass manually - read
thermometers.
This is already known, and is due to other necessary adjustments such as time - of - observation bias and the change from
liquid -
in - glass
thermometers to MMTS.
Early comparisons of MMTS readings with temperature measurements from the traditional
liquid -
in - glass
thermometers mounted
in Cotton Region shelters showed small but significant differences.
Most of the stations have changed from using
liquid in glass
thermometers (LiG)
in Stevenson screens to electronic Minimum Maximum Temperature Systems (MMTS) or Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS).
Apropos whatever, during my lifetime I have seen
liquid - filled
thermometers in the UK make the switch from gradation
in Fahrenheit to Celsius.
Only useful if you're using
liquid in glass
thermometers.
The world's longest instrumental record of temperature, Central England Temperature (CET), began to be collected
in 1659
in an area enclosed by Lancashire, London, and Bristol, a few years after the invention of sealed
liquid thermometers.
An ordinary
liquid -
in - glass
thermometer won't react fast enough to test what you're feeling.
My experience is that typical industrial
liquid in glass
thermometers (not medical ones) tend to be calibrated
in single degrees, or occasionally half degrees, at least
in the places that I once worked.
1641, the first sealed
thermometer that used
liquid rather than air as the thermometric medium was developed, using a sealed alcohol -
in - glass device with 50 «degree» MARKS on its stem but no «fixed point» was used to zero the scale.
It is a very exact
thermometer since we don't have to adjust for differences
in where the solid -
liquid transition of water is; we only can't know how much colder or warmer it is.