All longwave IR does is vaporize
liquid water at the surface.
The base of
liquid water at a stable temperature and pressure would be like the blade of a fan, only the blade is fixed and the pressure is the induced.
That line is 0, meaning zero ice, essentially nothing but
liquid water at the Earth's north polar regions; that means this graph gives you an absolute scale.
More important, the study suggests that simulations of
liquid water at room temperature with those models actually describe a supercooled glassy state, not the regular liquid.
In other words, Mars was cold and dry throughout its history and only had abundant
liquid water at its surface during short episodes of climate change.
Despite the fact that red dwarfs are tiny and dim, many of their planets may still be too hot to be habitable — even those situated within a star system's habitable zone, i.e. the zone in which rocky planets can sustain
liquid water at the surface.
The prospect of
liquid water at Enceladus» south polar terrain makes it an attractive target for a lander, said Fabian Baader, a member of the Enceladus Explorer (EnEx) project team at the University of Applied Sciences in Aachen, Germany.
A NOAA website on atmospheric rivers contains this fascinating statistic that illustrates just how much moisture can be transported by winds in the mid-to-upper atmosphere: «A strong atmospheric river transports an amount of water vapor roughly equivalent to 7.5 - 15 times the average flow of
liquid water at the mouth of the Mississippi River.»
«These discoveries demonstrate life developed on Earth at a time when Mars and Earth had
liquid water at their surfaces,» said Dodd.
Many random systems that describe the physical world, even those with very simple descriptions, can have dramatically different behaviors at different temperatures, such as solid ice turning to
liquid water at a prescribed temperature.
In order to be warmed sufficiently have
liquid water at the surface, an Earth - type rocky planet would have to be located very close to such a cool and dim red dwarf star like CD - 51 5974.
For an Earth - type planet around HD 189733 A to have
liquid water at its surface, it would need a stable orbit centered around 0.5 AU — between the orbital distances of Mercury and Venus in the Solar System (with an orbital period around 150 days assuming a stellar mass around 82 percent of Sol's.
River deposits exist across the surface of Mars and record a surface environment from over 3.5 billion years ago that was able to support
liquid water at the surface.
«The separation between the planet and its star is just right for having
liquid water at its surface,» says astronomer and team spokesperson Stephane Udry of the Observatory of Geneva in Versoix, Switzerland.
Not exact matches
The planets orbit an «ultracool dwarf,» a star much smaller and cooler than the sun, but still possibly warm enough to allow for
liquid water on the surfaces of
at least two of the planets.
Science claims «Goldiclocks Zones», where the universe just happens to have a rule that evolution of life can only happen
at specific temperature ranges where
liquid water is possible.
The creation of
liquid water occurred, in all likelihood,
at least a billion if not more years after the planet solidified.
For example, what of his contention that, given the unbeneficial properties of
water, God should have created a thirst - quenching
liquid with different properties or not created humans in such a way that
water is needed
at all?
At this point put them and the
water into a liquidizer until a runny
liquid forms.
Orange mousse: in a small bowl mix gelatin and
water and set aside for 10 minutes
at room temperature, until the gelatin absorbs all the
liquid.
For the middle (cheese) layer: ingredients: 1 cup raw cashews, soaked in
water for
at least 2 and up to 8 hours zest and juice of one large lemon pinch cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, cloves, and cardamom seeds of one vanilla bean 2 tablespoons plus 2 teaspoons coconut oil 2 tablespoons plus 2 teaspoons agave nectar directions: Gently heat agave and coconut oil together until
liquid and uniform.
When thoroughly chilled, being careful not to shake, open up the two cans of straight coconut milk and (depending on whether you have opened the can with the cream or
liquid layer
at the top) either tip off the coconut
water into a glass and scoop out the coconut cream that is left into a bowl, or scoop the coconut cream off the top to a bowl and pour the leftover coconut
water into a glass (save the coconut
water to drink or put in a smoothie).
After prep proceed to cook Aroborio rice in the usual way until it becomes the creamy Risotto we know and love: Sauté shallot in butter for just a few seconds / Add 2 C of rice and cook together for 1 minute / Add wine and cook until it nearly disappears, another minute or so / Season lightly now with salt & pepper, and adjust when risotto is nearly finished / Add about half of the lemon zest and juice / Stir in simmering
liquid 1/2 C
at a time until it just covers the rice / Allow rice to simmer, uncovered, with occasional stirring until broth has «disappeared» into the rice, then add more
liquid until rice is barely covered again and stir / Proceed in this manner until rice is tender and creamy, about half an hour / Heat up additional broth or
water if a little more is needed / When rice is tender or nearly so, adjust seasoning, add seafood, if any, and the rest of the lemon / Cook just a few more minutes until seafood is done / I like risotto «juicy» so I stop cooking while there's still plenty of
liquid present / Optional: stir in 2 T of butter / Garnish with fresh herbs like cilantro, dill or parsley, a slice of lemon.
In the meantime, you can use the watery
liquid at the top of the yogurt container or yogurt itself with a little extra
water.
I would definitely
at more
liquid (stock,
water) to this soup next time I make it as it was a little too thick for my taste.
We suggest
at least 6 cups of
water for every one cup of amaranth, not because the little grains will absorb that much
liquid, but because of what happens to the
water that's left.
Lemon Cream: in a small bowl mix gelatin and
water and set aside for 15 minutes
at room temperature, until the gelatin absorbs all the
liquid.
Scoop out the coconut cream on top of the can, careful not to scoop out the
liquid at the bottom (keep the coconut
water for smoothies!).
I'm only just now about to try this recipe, but my guess is that you could thicken it with a little corn starch (or, corn starch + cold
water shaken up etc.) in a sauce pan to make a glaze / sauce for the starch or veggie of your choice, but I'm not sure how much to use per
liquid — probably the general rule of «a little
at a time» if that isn't something you'd find frustrating.
In increments, add about 6 cups of
water (or broth), 1 cup
at a time, letting the barley absorb most of the
liquid between additions.
I think I had my heat turned up too high for the first 2 hrs as most of my
liquid was gone
at that point and I had to add in some extra
water to keep the bottom from burning.
For the amount of
water, 1.5 — 2 L of
water would be sufficient... but different amounts of
water might end up getting boiled away or steamed away, so then you could add a couple of cups of boiling
water, one
at a time to make up for the loss in
liquid.
For
liquid, 4cu
at first, I used 50/50 beef stock / chili soaking
water.
However, it's
liquid at shower
water temperature, and there's actually only a little coconut oil per use of the coffee scrub recipe.
of
water and set aside for 15 minutes
at room temperature until the gelatin absorbs all the
liquid.
Adjust the heat to very low or simmer setting until the
liquid is
at a low simmer, adding
water as necessary to keep the braciole completely submerged.
Let it boil on a medium / high heat until 300 degrees or so, then lower the temps a bit (because
at this point most of the
water in the
liquid will be boiled off and the temp will rise VERY quickly) and keep the heat on until it hits 350.
Place the pot over low heat and add the
liquids (the milk and the
water), one cup
at a time, continuing to blend as you go.
Puree it, then either use cheesecloth to squeeze out as much clear
liquid as you can, or set it in a cheesecloth - lined mesh strainer over a bowl for the excess
water to trickle out — for
at least 4 hours.
Feel free to substitute some rye or whole wheat flour for some of the white flour; you may have to adjust the
water a little because all flours absorb
liquids at a different rate.
The chicken will let out some
liquid, so you don't need
water at all.
I also used
water and chicken stock as
liquids, and added some sautéed spicy Italian sausage
at the end to make it even heartier.
Add the beans and soaking
liquid if using, adding fresh
water if needed to cover the beans by
at least one inch.
4) Gently pour the milk -
water - oil
liquid over the flour a little
at a time, mixing with a spoon, until you get a dough that is neither too wet nor too dry.
Slowly drizzle ice
water over the flour mixture a few tablespoons
at a time and rub mixture together with your fingers, gently squeezing the
liquid into the dough.
To return the shell to a pour able consistency, place the jar in a warm place like the windowsill for 30 minutes or let hot
water run over the sealed glass jar (coconut oil returns to
liquid at 76 ° F).
Anecdotally, this is how I made Squash Risotto for four: * In a large saucepan melt 2 tablespoons of butter and sauté 1/4 cup finely chopped onion, scallion or leek for a few minutes / then add 1 1/2 cups Arborio rice to the mix / continue to sauté for five minutes along with a finely chopped teaspoon of sage or rosemary, stirring often / meanwhile, in another saucepan heat 2 1/2 cups of stock or plain
water to a simmer and hold / add 1/2 cup white wine to the rice mix and let it cook away until
liquid almost disappears / add a teaspoon of salt and more if needed when risotto is done / begin adding simmering
liquid 1/2 cupful
at a time, stirring until
liquid is nearly cooked away / add additional
liquid 1/2 cup
at a time and, once again, stir and allow to cook until
liquid is almost gone before adding more.
If dip is too thick, add more
liquid (citrus juice, oil, pickling
liquid or
water) 1 tbsp
at a time until you get the desired consistency
Heat chocolate chunks in a small bowl in the microwave
at 10 - second intervals, mixing well after about 3 intervals, and then mix in the
water until you get a thick chocolate
liquid
Massage radishes to release
liquid, gently
at first, then more vigorously as they start to expel
water.