According to Dr. Yasuda, the successful observations of structural dynamics
in live neurons present the possibility of visualizing the morphology of synapses at nanometer resolution in real time in the near future.
In her project, Ms. Bibel will use cutting - edge technology to perform nanobiopsies
of living neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with Huntington's disease.
Ms. Brianna Bibel and Dr. Gabriela Novak will use cutting - edge technology and robotic microscopy to study
living neurons generated from patients with Huntington's disease.
These circuits are simple compared
with living neurons, but they are advanced enough to illustrate the vast gulf in efficiency between digital and neural computing.
Optogenetics works by inserting the gene of a light - sensitive protein
into live neurons, from a single cell to an entire family of them.
In 1994, as a postdoctoral researcher then at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany, he became the first scientist to «patch» two
living neurons simultaneously — to apply microscopic pipettes to freshly harvested rat neurons to measure the electrical signals fired between them.
This instrument enables us to
track living neurons over long time periods to quickly quantify the adaptive or maladaptive responses of thousands of neurons.
Instead, the Salk team
used living neurons grown in laboratory dishes to test whether their new synthetic compounds, which are based upon natural products derived from plants, were effective at protecting brain cells against several pathologies associated with brain aging.
«In the second paper, we created a spatial map of alpha - synuclein, cataloging all the proteins
in living neurons that were in close proximity to the protein,» explained Chee Yeun Chung, former Whitehead Institute Senior Research Scientist, who co-led both studies with Khurana.
The insights derived from the hiPS cells were validated in actual brain specimens from patients with bipolar disorder (on and off lithium), in animal models, and in the actions
of living neurons.
The «neurochip,» a silicon rectangle about 4 centimeters wide immersed in a petri dish, may be the forerunner of bionic eyes or other medical devices engineered from combinations of silicon and
living neurons.
«We needed to look at more than one RNA at the same time to get a better handle on real - world processes, and this is the first study to do that in
a live neuron,» Eberwine explains.
Banker's laboratory has also developed methods for labeling axonal and dendritic proteins with GFP in order to visualize their transport in
living neurons.