Sentences with phrase «llama immunization»

Yet despite the transformative impact on structural studies, it takes months to produce specifically tailored nanobodies by llama immunization.

To gain greater understanding of how the llama immunizations worked, deep sequencing of the HIV binding region of the antibodies was performed.

Not exact matches

Deep sequencing of the VHH phage libraries generated from a set of llamas, which received two different immunization protocols, showed that the new VHH and the previously described anti-HIV VHH J3 [26] were induced by immunization (Table 1).

As such the HIV llama vaccination model is robust and reproducible and demonstrates the potential of a mammalian immune system to produce broadly HIV neutralizing antibodies in response to immunization.

Our results show that immunization can potentially induce protective antibodies in llamas and provide a method to more extensively evaluate immunization studies.

To date, immunizations in human and animal models have yielded antibodies with only limited ability to neutralize HIV [21], [22], [23], [24], except llama heavy chain only antibodies (HCAbs) isolated as individual variable regions (VHH)[25].

Our results show that immunization can induce potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies in llamas with features similar to human antibodies and provide a framework to analyze the effectiveness of immunization protocols.

This raised the question of whether these GL VHH, which have a mature CDR3, occurred in the llamas prior to immunization or at t = 54 in addition to at t = 174 when the phagemid library from which the VHH were isolated was generated.

To date, no immunization of humans or animals has elicited broadly neutralizing sera able to prevent HIV - 1 transmission; however, elicitation of broad and potent heavy chain only antibodies (HCAb) has previously been reported in llamas.

It is significant that parallel immunization of llamas 8 and 9 gave rise to two separate clonal lineages of CD4 binding site broadly neutralizing HCAbs which have both incurred a three residue deletion in CDR2 during maturation.

This has implications for the use of deep sequencing analysis of immunization studies: if the sequence of J3 had been used as a reference to filter the sequences from llama 9 (without prior screening of VHH from llama 9), no J3 - like antibodies would have been found, 3E3 would not have been identified and it would have falsely appeared that the immunization of llama 9 had failed.