Sentences with phrase «long time scale including»

Therefore, it is important to know its variability in order to study large scale HMF dynamics and the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays on long time scale including the centennial trends.

Not exact matches

The results from the study tell scientists how the climate of the North Atlantic region, which includes the U.S., varies on long time scales.

The researchers» results, published this week in the journal Scientific Reports, could help reveal how the climate of the North Atlantic region, which includes the U.S., varies on long time scales.

Moreover, the team can include effects that happen on much longer time scales than the interaction of the laser pulse itself and that strongly influence the outcome of experiments.

Some processes important on longer time scales are not yet included.

Recent investigations have led Martinez to both small and large - scale abstract sculpture, made mostly from found materials including rubber hoses, Styrofoam, cardboard, and metal scraps sourced from wherever the artist is working at the time: Greenpoint and Bedford Stuyvesant in Brooklyn, or East Hampton and the North Fork in Long Island.

«Freedom of Assembly» includes several new series of sculptures, a large - scale presentation of tar paintings and a body of work that foregrounds, for the first time, Gates» long - term involvement with clay production.

Magnetic Fields features a range of works, including early and later career examples, several exhibited for the first time, and the long - awaited reappearance of iconic works such as Mavis Pusey's large - scale painting Dejyqea (1970), featured in the Whitney Museum of American Art's landmark 1971 exhibition Contemporary Black Artists in America.

There are of course other causes for other changes that have occurred, including suspected asteroid impacts, changes in volcanism over the eons which can lead to the buildup or reduction of greenhouse gases over long time scales, etc..

Standard error involves both natural variability (including that not well understood because it operates on long time scales, and therefore has not been observed during the period of modern technology) as well as measurement error (or error / uncertainty in the proxies).

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

Climate on Earth has changed on all time scales, including long before human activity could have played a role.

Common measures of the atmospheric lifetime of CO2, including the e-folding time scale, disregard the long tail.

This includes, but is not limited to, the sensitivity of the resource to climate variations and change on short (e.g., days); medium (e.g., seasons) and long (e.g., multi ‐ decadal) time scales.

Physically, C1 can be thought of as representing the concentration of CO2 in long - term stores such as the deep ocean; C1 + C2 as representing the CO2 concentration in medium - term stores such as the thermocline and the long - term soil - carbon storage; and C = C1 + C2 + C3 as the concentration of CO2 in those sinks that are also in equilibrium with the atmosphere on time scales of a year or less, including the mixed layer, the atmosphere itself and rapid - response biospheric stores.

The reconstruction of long - term fire histories in a given area of a size far greater than the classical lake catchment necessitates time - consuming field research using several complementary methods, including radiocarbon dating of charcoal, tree - ring dating and sometimes allometric scaling of plant traits, to accurately date ancient and recent fire events.