To be fair, these are only one - year figures:
a longer measurement period should be used for these types of comparisons.
Over
long measurement periods ranging between 13 and 28 years, all of these value managers significantly outperformed the market as measured by the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500; however, all, with the exception of Warren Buffett went through periods of underperformance relative to these benchmarks, sometimes consecutive years of underperformance, ranging from one to six years.
Most of our investments have characteristics that have been associated empirically with above - average investment rates of return over
long measurement periods: a low stock price in relation to book value, a low price - to - earnings ratio, a low price - to - cash - flow ratio, an above - average dividend yield, a low price - to - sales ratio compared to other companies in the same industry, a significant pattern of purchases by insiders, a significant decline in share price.
Not exact matches
In their November 2017 paper entitled «Tail Risk Mitigation with Managed Volatility Strategies», Anna Dreyer and Stefan Hubrich examine usefulness of managing volatility in this way as applied to the S&P 500 Index over a
long sample
period and across a range of performance
measurements.
They all show roughly the same pattern of increasing CO2.50 years is not a
long time
period And the CO2
measurements carry no definitive anthropogenic fingerprints.
Panel - based
measurement provides excellent insight into visitor demographics, what consumers do across all of the websites they visit and analysis over
long time
periods.
Other tools in the researchers» arsenal were high - resolution tracking, which provided information about how the manta rays used the lagoon habitat over
long and short
periods of time; an acoustic camera, which logged patterns of the animals entrances and departures from the lagoons; and photo identification / laser photogrammetry — making
measurements from photographs — which provided insight into whether the manta rays were staying in this habitat for
longer time
periods by tracking their comings and goings.
This, explains Greco, facilitates the
measurement of electrophysiological signals of patients and athletes over a
longer period without restricting or influencing their normal activities.
The end of the universe's «dark age» was
long and drawn out, according to the first direct
measurement of the
period when the first stars and galaxies heated up intergalactic gas.
Here, the
long time series shows that the surface water layers became up to 1.5 per mill less saline during the
measurement period.
DeVries and fellow researchers Mark Holzer of the University of New South Wales in Sydney and François Primeau of UC Irvine compiled existing oceanographic tracer data —
measurements of temperature, salinity, CFCs (humanmade gases that dissolve into the ocean) and carbon - 14 — and separated it into three decade -
long time
periods: the 1980s, the 1990s and the 2000s.
«Even more interesting is that as satellite
measurements continue and so as the datasets get
longer, we will be able to recalculate our metric over
longer time
periods to investigate how and if ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability is changing over time.»
This is the first time that toxicological
measurements have been combined with a population study carried out over such a
long period in the Antarctic and Subantarctic.
Howarth places heavy weight on the value of an analysis of satellite
measurements, saying it provides better data than aircraft
measurements over a
longer period of time.
Also, it is recommended that
measurements be taken over
longer periods of time such as a week (rather than daily) as significant variations in weight can occur simply based on water intake or time of day.
Unlike most forms of exercise that are based on exercising slow - muscle fiber, aerobically for
long time
periods within the endurance energy system in a calories - in and calories - out
measurement system, Sprint 8 incorporates numerous new studies that achieves significantly greater benefits in 20 minutes three days a week.
In their November 2017 paper entitled «Tail Risk Mitigation with Managed Volatility Strategies», Anna Dreyer and Stefan Hubrich examine usefulness of managing volatility in this way as applied to the S&P 500 Index over a
long sample
period and across a range of performance
measurements.
And third, the transition from solar maximum in the first half to a particularly deep and
long solar minimum in the second half of the
period — this is evidenced by
measurements of solar activity, but can explain only part of the slowdown (about one third according to our correlation analysis).
Standard error involves both natural variability (including that not well understood because it operates on
long time scales, and therefore has not been observed during the
period of modern technology) as well as
measurement error (or error / uncertainty in the proxies).
This post indicates that the
long term OLR
measurements covered by the CERES and AIRS [over a
period from ~ 2003 to 2012] show a decrease in total OLR.
However,
longer term OLR
measurements [over a
period from the early 1990's to 2013] indicate an increase in in total OLR of ~ 30 %.
Satellite observations may have resolved many of the spacial / temporal resolution issues surrounding proxy
measurements of earlier
periods there is a
long way to go before we have sufficient data suitable for prediction.
For November to be warmer than the
long - term average in the troposphere, we would have had to see solar output increase over the
measurement period (it has not), or sensible or latent heat to be higher than average (it is not, in fact we ware in a ENSO neutral or cool PDO situation), or we would have to see GH gases having an effect.
Almost any average temperature you wish depending on how you slice it and none of it has meaning except in the case that you slice it exactly the same way over successive
measurements over a
long period of time might tell you something.
The climate of a place or region is changed if over an extended
period (typically decades or
longer) there is a statistically significant change in
measurements of either the mean state or variability of the climate for that place or region.
In this work, we aim to evaluate the
long - term evolution of BHMF over a
period covering the past twenty - two solar cycles by using
measurements of the cosmogenic 44Ti activity (τ1 ∕ 2 = 59.2 ± 0.6 yr) measured in 20 meteorites which fell between 1766 and 2001.
I think that for samples with low count rates the practice may be to perform the
measurement over
longer periods, in which case the Gaussian approximation will hold to a greater age than it otherwise would do so.
Nic and Pekka, I would also caution about the difficulties in estimating the persistence of CO2 in the atmosphere from direct
measurements, as
long as you have processes with latencies that are much
longer than the observation
period.
I agree with you that the last decade really doesn't tell you that much about the
long term trends, given the size of the error bars, but it does allow for some interesting analysis of the difference between individual temperature records during that
period (e.g. ENSO responses of satellites vs. surface
measurements, effects of different ways of treating arctic temperatures, etc.).
TSI is directly correlated with sunspot numbers, and the
long and deep solar minimum we just came through where the sun was blank for
long periods of time would necessarily mean that TSI was also lower for an extended
period of time This is not what the
measurements show.
Note that I am not necessarily claiming that this is the feedback operating on the
long time scales associated with global warming — only that it is the average feedback involved in the climate fluctuations occurring during the
period when the satellite was making its
measurements.
What do the satellite outgoing
long wave radiation
measurements show over that
period of time?
Unfortunately, what we determined that the supposed «normal» distribution of weather data using
long period data like 50 and 100 year thermometer
measurements produced what is known as a FAT TAIL distribution... Imagine the classical bell curve sitting on top of a rectangle laying on its side.
-- There are no natural mechanisms that could have changed the net flux as much as ANF on the average over
long periods up to the whole history of Mauna Loa
measurements.
cheap
measurement, only wide band IR cameras are needed up there and as many ground sources emitting low energy
long period pseudo random sequences at specific narrow thermal IR frequency bands as the world can afford, with built in GPS tracking and some communication abilities.
Google and Microsoft both have data centers that sit at around 1.22, but many factors go into the calculation and
measurements need to be taken over a
long period of time and conditions to get an accurate PUE rating.
Our apparently contradictory GUS finding may reflect
measurement of events over a
longer time
period, and their impact on children's feelings, rather than on parenting behaviour - especially as our measures of parent - child relationships (unlike those in the UK Millennium Cohort Study) are child - reported, and involve older children.