In another clue that cancer cells persist because they maintain their telomeres, those cells that started out
with longer telomeres in the experiment lived longer than those with shorter telomeres.
If we introduced stem cells with nice,
long telomeres in the first place, we could let them wind down and eventually be lost to apoptosis, senescence, or other sources of damage — and just top our tissues up with more stem cells before enough of those cells were lost to begin to impair tissue function.
«With longevity and the ability to bear children at an older age associated with
longer telomere length, this study suggests that a higher maternal age of successful child bearing may be a marker of healthy aging,» says Dr. JoAnn Pinkerton, NAMS executive director.
They found a highly significant correlation between telomere length at 25 days and life span; birds with
longer telomeres lived longer.
They tested the samples
for longer telomeres that weren't the product of a protein called telomerase, which helps maintain telomere length in healthy cells and more commonly in other cancers.
Greider pointed out in her paper that
longer telomeres do not correlate with greater longevity in animals.
«If I took a sample now and gave it back to myself when I'm older, I would have
long telomeres again — although it might only be possible with blood, not other tissues,» she says.
«According to the researchers, this rejuvenation of the telomeres in connection with the formation of new tissue during cloning is probably one of possibly several explanations behind the particularly good health and
long telomeres of clones.»
Laboratory mice have
unusually long telomeres, however, so it took several generations of ever - shorter telomeres for the first defect to show up: The mice were infertile.
It was found that couch potatoes, even those exercising at a moderate level, had the shortest telomeres, while people who exercised at high intensities had
significantly longer telomere length.
And no one knows whether it will work or doom her to cancer, which often relies
on long telomeres to keep growing.
Variants in the gene called Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) on chromosome 5 that were associated with older IEAA were also associated with
longer telomeres indicating a critical role for TERT in regulating the epigenetic clock, in addition to its established role of compensating for cell replication - dependent telomere shortening.
«Our work provides compelling evidence of a relationship
between long telomeres and increased risk for lung adenocarcinoma,» said study leader Brandon Pierce, PhD, assistant professor of public health sciences at the University of Chicago.
The study led by health sciences professor Pablo Nepomnaschy and postdoctoral researcher Cindy Barha found that women who give birth to more surviving children
exhibited longer telomeres.
Hockemeyer said that the evidence supporting the theory that the TERT promoter mutation up - regulated telomerase has always been conflicting: cancer cells tend to have chromosomes with short telomeres, yet have higher levels of telomerase, which should
produce longer telomeres.
In this study, the research team found that ZBTB48 not only prevents further telomere lengthening in cells that already have
abnormally long telomeres, but more generally in cancer cells regardless of their telomere length.
For three cancers, the risk was greatest for both the groups with extreme short and
extreme long telomeres — creating a «U-shaped» risk curve.
And those whose mothers attended college had 35 per
cent longer telomeres than those who didn't, on average (PNAS, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1404293111).
In addition, one study from 2016 reported that, among 121 Latino children in California, exclusive breastfeeding in the first six weeks after birth was associated with
longer telomeres at age 4 or 5.
While abnormally short telomeres have been implicated in some diseases, studies investigating
whether longer telomeres lead to a longer life have shown mixed results.
«At the beginning of life, our cells have
very long telomeres, which grow shorter from then on,» says Daniel Gottschling, PhD, associate professor of molecular genetics and cell biology, one of two authors on the Science paper.
Children of older fathers, those in their late 30s to early 50s,
inherit longer telomeres, caps at the end of the chromosomes that protect them from degeneration, according to a study Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
On one hand, Noah might have been born with
rather long telomeres, while Batty drew the proverbial shortest straw.
Theoretically, a sustained increase could stabilize or even lengthen telomeres over time, as shown in a previous study where intensive lifestyle intervention led to higher telomerase activity after 4 months, and
longer telomeres after 5 years, with such changes associated with better adherence.43, 44
Laboratory mice have
naturally longer telomeres than humans, which the researchers now think protect them from age - related genetic conditions, such as CAVD.
The study found that individuals who have high levels of physical activity consistently have
substantially longer telomeres compared to individuals who are sedentary, and even moderately active individuals.
We also need more studies that confirm that
longer telomeres contribute to longer healthier lives, but we know that these types of beneficial changes make sense anyways.
An essential part of human cells they affect how our cells age — as people with
longer telomeres live longer lives.
Researchers found that people who had high activity levels had
much longer telomeres than both people who did not exercise at all, and people who exercised less frequently and with less intensity.
In previous studies, TERT - / - mice have been generated on either a C57BL / 6J or a 129 / C57BL / 6J mixed genetic background strain, both of which have «very heterogeneous and
unusually long telomeres,» again raising the possibility that any developmental abnormalities might be due to subpopulations of stem cells with critically - short telomeres.
When we exercise, we produce chemicals that keep our telomeres long, and they say those
with longer telomeres live longer!
The same study that pointed to the benefits of marriage also reported that high income is associated with
longer telomeres.
In a 2013 study of 298 adults between the ages of 65 - 74, participants who were married were found to have
longer telomeres.
Those who exercise regularly have
longer telomeres than those who do not.
In this study, the proportion of women in
the longest telomere tertile was higher for women in the fourth quartile of maternal age at the birth of their last child than in the first quartile (35.7 % vs 20.2 %).
For instance, one small study found that people who ate healthier diets, did yoga or meditation, and exercised daily increased the activity of telomerase, which could lead to
longer telomeres.
And shortened telomeres do appear to correlate with a higher risk of certain diseases, sometimes quite strongly: Numerous studies have found a connection between short telomeres and higher risk of cardiovascular disease, and in The Lancet study, those with short telomeres were three times as likely to die of heart disease and more than eight times more likely to die of infectious disease than those with
longer telomeres.
Telomere length does seem to be linked to life span; one key study in The Lancet found that otherwise - normal people over 60 who started out the study with short telomeres were more likely to die over the next 17 years than those with
long telomeres.
«
Long telomere length associated with increased lung cancer risk: Genetic predisposition for long telomeres predicts increased lung adenocarcinoma risk.»
A large - scale genetic study of the links between telomere length and risk for five common cancers finds
that long telomeres are associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma.
The team suggests a potential explanation for this observation is
that long telomeres enable more rounds of cell division than short telomeres, which could allow cells to live longer and have more opportunities to accumulate carcinogenic mutations.
Individuals with one altered gene had
longer telomeres, the caps on the ends of chromosomes that wear away as we get older, and appeared to be protected against diabetes, the researchers report.
Aside from lung cancer, only prostate cancer risk showed a modest positive association with
long telomeres.