Not exact matches
In 2000, Mariano Garcia, a
mechanical engineer at the University of California, Berkeley, and Anindya Chatterjee, a
mechanical engineer at Pennsylvania State University in University Park, published a paper showing that a simplified walker with stiff legs and no torso had no gait that did not involve
losing some
energy when its legs hit the ground.
«Our hypothesis was that the granular temperature can increase temporarily because of this, even though
mechanical energy is
lost with every collision.»
This was originally developed by physicists to quantify
lost energy in
mechanical systems, such as a steam engine, but entropy can also be used to measure the range or randomness of a system.
On the other hand, Cleland adds, the potential advantage of a
mechanical system over an electronic system is that its qubits might intrinsically
lose energy more slowly and thus remain in superposition longer, enabling them to perform more useful, complex calculations.
Muscle contraction is pretty inefficient from a metabolic perspective, with around 50 % of the
energy produced
lost in the form of heat, instead of being used for moving an object (
mechanical energy).
Because of the compression limitation required to prevent «engine knock», a typical gasoline engine can only deliver about 25 % efficiency — only 25 % of the BTU's in a gallon of gasoline are converted to
mechanical energy that turns the wheels of the car, the other 75 % is
lost in waste heat.
Also, some of the
energy used to overcome inertia and accelerate the vehicle — normally
lost when the vehicle is slowed, to aerodynamic forces and rolling resistance as well to the
mechanical brakes (as heat)-- may be recaptured as electrical
energy if regenerative braking is available (see the discussion of hybrid electric drive trains).
OK, so again: ASIDE from all losses and
mechanical frictions etc., etc., expended in displacing horizontally without gaining or
losing potential gravitational
energy, there is a NEW CONDITION with the moved mass.