Aerial mapping of Kilimanjaro's summit in February 2000 revealed a 33 %
loss of ice since the last map in 1989 and an 82 % decline since 1912, says geologist Lonnie Thompson of Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center in Columbus.
Not exact matches
Since 2003 the GRACE satellites had measured
ice loss through variations in the earth's gravitation but only at the fuzzy resolution
of hundreds
of kilometers.
Scientific observations show that in the Arctic, warming temperatures have led to a 75 %
loss in sea
ice volume
since the 1980s, and recent reports suggest the Arctic Ocean will be nearly free
of summer sea
ice by 2050, said Sullivan.
The new results reveal that the pattern
of modern
ice loss is similar to that which has prevailed
since the end
of the last
ice age.
Totten Glacier, one
of East Antarctica's largest ocean outlets, is already thinning — an ominous sign,
since this single glacier drains enough
ice to raise the sea level more than all
of West Antarctica's
ice loss would.
Increased melting
of the Greenland
Ice Sheet and other ice losses worldwide have helped to move the North Pole several centimeters east each year since 2
Ice Sheet and other
ice losses worldwide have helped to move the North Pole several centimeters east each year since 2
ice losses worldwide have helped to move the North Pole several centimeters east each year
since 2005
Since 1979, winter sea
ice extent has decreased 3.2 percent per decade (the
loss is much more pronounced in summer at a rate
of 13.4 percent per decade).
But from an email conversation with Francis, Vavrus, and several other atmospheric scientists this week, it became clear that there may be more questions than answers at this point, given the large amount
of natural variability that affects winter weather patterns, and the very short observational record
of how the atmosphere responded to extreme
losses of sea
ice (only five winters
of records
since 2007).
This increase in demand — up 58 %
since 2009 — combined with antiquated infrastructure has resulted in an increasing number
of brownouts and blackouts, such as the one resulting from the 2013
ice storm that caused 27 deaths,
loss of power to over a million residents and more than $ 200 million in damages.
Remember that Rochester renters insurance covers
losses due to weight
of snow and
ice, which is important
since the city roughly shares a latitude with Detroit and Milwaukee, and has the sort
of winters you would expect given that fact!
The increase in demand — up 58 %
since 2009 — combined by antiquated infrastructure has resulted in an increasing number
of brownouts and blackouts, such as the 2013
ice storm / power outage that resulted 27 deaths,
loss of power to over a million residents and over $ 200 million in damages.
And
since you have missed this acceleration you have assumed that the rate will remain at 3.3 mm / year for the rest
of this century, despite ongoing observations
of increases in
ice mass
loss in Greenland and parts
of Antarctica.
However, if the
loss of Arctic Sea
ice has significantly changed global atmospheric circulation patterns, then we are dealing with a different system that has only been in existence
since 2007, and we do not know how often to expect crop failures.
Since the actual
loss of ice is similar in magnitude to this figure, I conclude that a 1 watt / sq meter forcing is «big enough» to produce the melting actually seen, whereas geothermal energy is much too small.
Although a recent downward trend in coverage is clearly visible by naked eye inspection, Goddard invites us to believe there has ``... been no net gain or
loss of polar sea
ice since records began.»
2) What relevance are small areas
of open water in 2000 (or earlier) given the
loss of over 2million km ^ 2 perrenial
ice since then * (on a 3.6 M km ^ 2 baseline)?
Here's an interesting thought for the
ice experts, maybe Andy could pick this up,
since he's done a very decent job
of following up on my question: I've read suggestions that increased sea emissivity from the Arctic waters would gain relative to the
loss of albedo from increasingly
ice - free seas.
Mercer further commented that the
loss of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula, as has
since been observed, would be an indicator that this process
of ice sheet
loss due to global warming was underway.
So we see a long term trend
of accelerating
ice mass
loss since the 1970s.
Since 2008,
ice loss from West Antarctica's unstable glaciers doubled from an average annual
loss of 121 billion tons
of ice to twice that by 2014, the researchers found.
The ongoing flux
of mantle material into areas which have experienced large - scale
ice - mass
loss since the LGM looks like mass gain to GRACE.
That conclusion seems much closer to reality but may be unwelcome in some circles
since the implication is that, if true and with SLR now at 3.4 mm / annum,
loss of land - based
ice must be considerably greater than hitherto reported.
Monckton stated that «a largely unreported gain in Antarctic sea
ice since 1979 almost matches the widely reported
loss of Arctic sea
ice».
The one exception to this pattern
of accelerating
ice loss is Antarctic sea
ice which has shown long term growth
since satellites began measurements in 1979.
Because the inflow
of warm water has been waning
since the late 1990s, it suggested that accelerated
loss of ice would soon wane as well.
What is unclear here is the period on which the «normal statistics» is computed,
since the past data are obviously much less known, with a considerable
loss of variance (the «constant»
ice minima are obviously wrong).
Ainley believed the DuDu colony had been unable to recover
since 1980 because global warming had caused a thinning
of the sea
ice resulting in a premature
loss of sea
ice that was drowning chicks.
-LSB-...] In fact, the global sea -
ice record shows virtually no change throughout the past 30 years, because the quite rapid
loss of Arctic sea
ice since the satellites were watching has been matched by a near - equally rapid gain
of Antarctic sea
ice.
This week in the journal Nature, Csatho writes a «News and Views» analysis that comments on the latest research in this area: A new study in Nature by Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Kurt H. Kjær and colleagues, who used aerial photographs, remote - sensing observations and geological evidence to estimate the Greenland
Ice Sheet's mass
loss during three time periods
since the start
of the 20th century: 1900 - 83, 1983 to 2003 and 2003 - 10.
Since current
ice melt data could indicate variable climate trends and aren't necessarily part
of an accelerating trend, the study warned that predictions
of future sea - level rise should not be based on measurements
of glacial
loss» Daily Mail.
It is arguably one
of the most advanced
of the seven in its impacts, with a 2011 GRL report putting its warming effect as equivalent to around 30 %
of atmospheric anthro - CO2, and the recent report putting albedo
loss from arctic sea -
ice decline
since»79 as providing a forcing equivalent on average to that from 25 %
of the anthro - CO2 levels during the period.
A lack
of insulating sea
ice vastly increases energy
loss since open water loses much more energy by convection and latent heat
loss.
Most have barely a clue as to the actual rate
of increase in MSL or the %
loss of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet or the actual temperature increase
since the 1860 or 1978.
«But
since the 1960's the mountain has seen more even
loss of ice in shaded and sun - exposed
ice,» he said.
So I wonder
since it is all quiet about this year's
ice volumes that possibly the avg arctic
ice volume has recovered most
of the 5500 gigatonnes
of avg
loss since 1979.
This work showed that the rate
of ice loss in Antarctica has doubled
since 2010, when compared to the period from 2005 to 2010.
Air temps in arctic are almost precisely the same as the average for the past 50 years — So it is unlikely air temps have created
ice loss — BUT CONVERSELY — the increased open arctic water SHOULD be affecting the arctic air temp - but is not (large expanses
of 1 degree C arctic water make it difficult for air temps to drop to minus ten C — but
since that is what is happening, then in fact there must be much more cold air around to create «normal» arctic temps for this time
of the year)
Since this effect would not depend on slow rates
of thermal diffusion though frozen sediments, but instead by a simple
loss of ice, which could occur more quickly, such hydrates might be more vulnerable to destabilization than hydrates buried under permafrost.
And the decline has accelerated, becoming far more dramatic,
since about the year 2000, leading to annual average sea
ice loss of around three million square kilometers.
The Sierra Nevada's mountain peaks have risen measurably
since 2012 as the Earth's crust rebounds from the net
loss of 63 trillion gallons
of water — an amount equivalent to the entire annual
ice melt of the Greenland Ice She
ice melt
of the Greenland
Ice She
Ice Sheet.
What the report says about Alaskan glaciers and climate change: The collective
ice mass
of all Arctic glaciers has decreased every year
since 1984, with significant
losses in Alaska.
He figured that
since humans are mostly made
of water, all we have to do to fix the
loss of land - based
ice is to offset it with a much larger human population.
Fluctuations in the mass
of the Greenland and Antarctic
ice sheets are
of considerable societal importance as they impact directly on global sea levels:
since 1901,
ice losses from Antarctica and Greenland, alongside the melting
of small glaciers and
ice caps and thermal expansion
of the oceans, have caused global sea levels to rise at an average rate
of 1.7 mm / yr.
Mean sea level (MSL) evolution has a direct impact on coastal areas and is a crucial index
of climate change
since it reflects both the amount
of heat added in the ocean and the mass
loss due to land
ice melt (e.g. IPCC, 2013; Dieng et al., 2017) Long - term and inter-annual variations
of the sea level are observed at global and regional scales.
Hence: http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n4/full/nclimate2161.html, and Greenland's
ice loss has doubled
since the early 2000s http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28852980 and its
ice melt is accelerating http://www.rtcc.org/2014/04/14/greenland-
ice-melt-accelerating-say-scientists/) An extremely comprehensive study in 2012 found that «the pace
of ice loss from Greenland is extraordinary, with nearly a five-fold increase
since the mid-1990s, http://goo.gl/rkHa9J Changes in rates
of increase are significant.
This pattern is supportive
of sea
ice loss in the Pacific sector
of the Arctic as suggested by the sea
ice extent analysis in Figure 2, and has been an important sea
ice loss climate pattern
since 2005, especially in summer 2007.
Accelerated environmental changes can already be seen in the
loss of Arctic sea
ice and bigger wildfires
since 1980, the authors said.
Researchers at the University
of Texas, Austin, report that increased melting
of the Greenland
ice sheet — and to a lesser degree,
ice loss in other parts
of the globe — helped to shift the North Pole several centimeters east each year
since 2005.
Accelerating mass
loss from Antarctic and Greenland
ice sheets
since 1992 [Rignot et al., 2011] is an additional source
of the recent sea level acceleration.»
The
loss of sea
ice very likely accelerated
since 1993.