«It is very likely that there will be continued
loss of sea ice extent in the Arctic, decreases of snow cover, and reductions of permafrost at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere by 2016 — 2035.
Figure 4 shows
a loss of sea ice extent through May below the 2007 level (National Snow and Ice Data Center plot); contributions to the loss were especially important from the Barents and Chukchi Seas (Figure 5).
Further, Figure 4 shows a major
loss of sea ice extent through May; contributions to the loss were especially important from the Barents Sea and northern Baffin Bay (Figure 5).
The remaining estimates fall into «high» and «low» extent groupings: the low extent group with a range of 4.2 to 4.7 million square kilometers, representing a continued
loss of sea ice extent compared to 2008/2009, and the high extent group of 5.4 to 5.7 million square kilometers, suggesting a return to the long - term trend for summer sea ice loss.
For the AGW Warmers — a relatively short time ago —
loss of sea ice extent was all the rage as an indicator of Catastrophic Global Warming... The artic was the proverbial Canary in the Global Warming Coal mine that was twittering warnings of the demise of the world.
Figure 7 shows
a loss of sea ice extent through May 2013 (National Snow and Ice Data Center).
Not exact matches
They then used the satellite record
of Arctic
sea ice extent to calculate the rates
of sea ice loss and then projected those rates into the future, to estimate how much more the
sea ice cover may shrink in approximately three polar bear generations, or 35 years.
Antarctic
sea ice saw an early maximum
extent in 2016, followed by a very rapid
loss of ice starting in early September.
Complementary analyses
of the surface mass balance
of Greenland (Tedesco et al, 2011) also show that 2010 was a record year for melt area
extent... Extrapolating these melt rates forward to 2050, «the cumulative
loss could raise
sea level by 15 cm by 2050 ″ for a total
of 32 cm (adding in 8 cm from glacial
ice caps and 9 cm from thermal expansion)- a number very close to the best estimate
of Vermeer & Rahmstorf (2009), derived by linking the observed rate
of sea level rise to the observed warming.
Despite an especially warm winter, the current
extent of sea ice does not represent a new record low; nevertheless, the amount
of ice loss is massive.
Since 1979, winter
sea ice extent has decreased 3.2 percent per decade (the
loss is much more pronounced in summer at a rate
of 13.4 percent per decade).
The global mean temperature rise
of less than 1 degree C in the past century does not seem like much, but it is associated with a winter temperature rise
of 3 to 4 degrees C over most
of the Arctic in the past 20 years, unprecedented
loss of ice from all the tropical glaciers, a decrease
of 15 to 20 % in late summer
sea ice extent, rising sealevel, and a host
of other measured signs
of anomalous and rapid climate change.
This report describes simulations
of future
sea -
ice extent using the NCAR CCSM3, which point to the possible complete
loss of sea -
ice at the end
of the melt season as soon as 2040.
The motivation for this time series is to visualize the fact that the long term Arctic - wide
loss of sea ice is not only happening in
extent, which is well measured by satellites, but also in thickness, which isn't.
The lag between decreases in
sea ice extent during late summer and changes in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation during other seasons (when the recent
loss of sea ice is much smaller) needs to be reconciled with theory.
IPCC / NSIDC trends [based on SIE
sea ice extent] underestimate the real speed
of ASI
loss — true / false / maybe.
Global climate model projections (in CMIP3 at least) appear to underestimate
sea ice extent losses with respect to observations, though this is not universally true for all models and some
of them actually have ensemble spreads that are compatible with PIOMAS
ice volume estimates and satellite observations
of sea ice extent.
The lag between decreases in
sea ice extent during late summer and changes in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation during other seasons (like autumn and winter, when the recent
loss of sea ice is much smaller) have been demonstrated empirically, but have not been captured by existing dynamical models.
The study, being published in Geophysical Research Letters, also looked back at recent
ice behavior and concluded that «internal variability explains approximately half
of the observed 1979 — 2005 September Arctic
sea ice extent loss.»
This report describes simulations
of future
sea -
ice extent using the NCAR CCSM3, which point to the possible complete
loss of sea -
ice at the end
of the melt season as soon as 2040.
Provided that ocean and atmospheric conditions favor rapid melting in June and July, which we feel are still likely, it is therefore hypothesized that the 2013 fall
sea ice extent will achieve values comparable to those
of 2012, with regional
losses governed by local wind and
ice conditions and dynamics.
Tagged annual summer minimum, arctic
sea ice, Beaufort Sea, body condition, Cherry, Chukchi, declining sea ice, Eastern Beaufort, good news, heavy sea ice, Hudson Bay, ice - free Arctic, litter size, loss of summer ice, Pilfold, polar bear, record low, Regehr, ringed seals, Rode, sea ice extent, Southern Beaufort, Stirling, summer ice minimum, summer sea ice, thick spring
sea ice, Beaufort
Sea, body condition, Cherry, Chukchi, declining sea ice, Eastern Beaufort, good news, heavy sea ice, Hudson Bay, ice - free Arctic, litter size, loss of summer ice, Pilfold, polar bear, record low, Regehr, ringed seals, Rode, sea ice extent, Southern Beaufort, Stirling, summer ice minimum, summer sea ice, thick spring
Sea, body condition, Cherry, Chukchi, declining
sea ice, Eastern Beaufort, good news, heavy sea ice, Hudson Bay, ice - free Arctic, litter size, loss of summer ice, Pilfold, polar bear, record low, Regehr, ringed seals, Rode, sea ice extent, Southern Beaufort, Stirling, summer ice minimum, summer sea ice, thick spring
sea ice, Eastern Beaufort, good news, heavy
sea ice, Hudson Bay, ice - free Arctic, litter size, loss of summer ice, Pilfold, polar bear, record low, Regehr, ringed seals, Rode, sea ice extent, Southern Beaufort, Stirling, summer ice minimum, summer sea ice, thick spring
sea ice, Hudson Bay,
ice - free Arctic, litter size,
loss of summer
ice, Pilfold, polar bear, record low, Regehr, ringed seals, Rode,
sea ice extent, Southern Beaufort, Stirling, summer ice minimum, summer sea ice, thick spring
sea ice extent, Southern Beaufort, Stirling, summer
ice minimum, summer
sea ice, thick spring
sea ice, thick spring
ice
Millions
of square kilometers
sea ice extent Month — last 5 years — baseline End July — 8.73 — 10.10 End Aug — 6.04 — 7.67 End Sep — 5.02 — 7.04 Average — 6.60 — 8.27 Difference 1.67 million square kilometers (msk) Cumulated
loss = 20 %
What is also stunning are
sea -
ice daily
extent figures averaging
ice loss of more than 100,000 square kilometres per day for the last four days.
«However,
ice loss continued north
of the Laptev
Sea, opening up a gap in the
ice cover that reduced
extent.»
The global climate models used in the 2007 IPCC report also failed to acount for the
extent of Arctic
sea ice loss (Figure 9).
I thought this was an area
of specialty
of yours and this storm and the resultant large
loss of sea ice area and
extent certainly were to topic
of conversation among those who follow the cryosphere closely.
The spread
of Outlook contributions suggests about a 29 % chance
of reaching a new September
sea ice minimum in 2010 and only an 18 % chance
of an
extent greater than the 2009 minimum (or a return to the long - term trend for summer
sea ice loss).
Unprecedented warm temperatures lead to the
loss of more than half
of the
sea ice cover in the Bering Sea in two weeks, resulting in record lows for Arctic Ocean sea ice extent for the month of Februa
sea ice cover in the Bering
Sea in two weeks, resulting in record lows for Arctic Ocean sea ice extent for the month of Februa
Sea in two weeks, resulting in record lows for Arctic Ocean
sea ice extent for the month of Februa
sea ice extent for the month
of February.
The outlook for the pan-arctic
sea ice extent in September 2008, based on July data, indicates a continuation
of dramatic arctic
sea ice loss.
Still, the consensus
of a stable low level
of sea ice extent or continued modest
sea ice loss is a strong result.
Reasoning for a decrease in
sea ice extent from recent years, perhaps approaching new record - low minimum, focuses on the below - normal
sea ice thickness overall, the thinning
of sea ice in coastal
seas, rotting
of old multi-year
sea ice, warm temperatures in April and May 2010, and the rapid
loss of sea ice area seen during May.
Looking at AR5, these seem to be the take away messages: «Comparing trends from the CCSM4 ensemble to observed trends suggests that internal variability could account for approximately half
of the observed 1979 — 2005 September Arctic
sea ice extent loss.»
Lukovich et al, 4.3, n / a, Heuristic It is hypothesized that the 2012 fall
sea ice extent will attain values comparable to those
of 2011 based on a heuristic assessment
of sea ice and surface atmospheric dynamics, with regional
losses governed by local wind and
ice conditions.
Further, it only took one month
of persistent wind conditions to slow the rate
of sea ice loss, resulting in an increase in 2009
sea ice extent compared to 2007 and 2008.
«The current rate
of sea ice loss, and the reduced thickness
of large areas
of the
ice remaining, suggests that we may see yet another record minimum in summer
sea ice extent this year.»
The outlook for the pan-arctic
sea ice extent in September 2008 indicates a continuation
of the recent trend
of sea ice loss.
Five (5) respondents suggest a return toward the long term trend line
of summer
sea ice loss, but less than the 1979 - 2000 mean
extents;
Arctic «
sea ice extent has varied naturally over the decades with some Russian data suggesting similar or even greater
ice loss in some local areas in the 1930s» — Analysis
of Arctic
ice: «Russian data shows that the [Arctic]
ice was just as thin in 1940 as it is now.
Different seasonal progressions
of summer
sea ice loss are apparent in daily time series
of sea ice extent from different years (Figure 4).
Earlier studies have predominately focused on the
loss of sea ice concentration (fraction
of ice within an area) and therefore the total
sea ice extent (Fig. 1).
Tied for fourth lowest
sea ice extent, in a three - way tie for lowest
sea ice volume, the fastest one month
sea ice loss for the date, and unusual Arctic cyclone activity affecting the decayed
ice of the polar regions, focus just on the lake too trivializes what's happening in a region the size
of the Arctic Ocean.
Summer meteorological current conditions and projections this summer (see Figures 9 - 11) do not favor extreme mid to late summer
sea ice loss in 2016, as occurred in 2007 and 2012, despite low
sea ice extents at the beginning
of summer.
Over the satellite era, the rate
of spring snow
loss is similar to that
of late - summer Arctic
sea ice extent, with each at an accelerated pace over the past decade.
To say nothing
of the warming trends also noticed in, for example: * ocean heat content * wasting glaciers * Greenland and West Antarctic
ice sheet mass
loss *
sea level rise due to all
of the above *
sea surface temperatures * borehole temperatures * troposphere warming (with stratosphere cooling) * Arctic
sea ice reductions in volume and
extent * permafrost thawing * ecosystem shifts involving plants, animals and insects
This pattern is supportive
of sea ice loss in the Pacific sector
of the Arctic as suggested by the
sea ice extent analysis in Figure 2, and has been an important
sea ice loss climate pattern since 2005, especially in summer 2007.
For example, chapter ten, «
Ice melts, sea level rises,» discusses the disappearance of tropical mountain glaciers, estimates of sea level rise in the present century, estimates of its costs — the EPA estimated in 1991 that a one - meter rise would cost the US alone between $ 270 billion and $ 475 billion — evidence of past oceanic high - water marks and glacial extents, the dynamics of ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds, ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.&raq
Ice melts,
sea level rises,» discusses the disappearance
of tropical mountain glaciers, estimates
of sea level rise in the present century, estimates
of its costs — the EPA estimated in 1991 that a one - meter rise would cost the US alone between $ 270 billion and $ 475 billion — evidence
of past oceanic high - water marks and glacial
extents, the dynamics
of ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion of seawater, icequakes and meltponds, ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.&raq
ice sheet disintegration, the thermal expansion
of seawater, icequakes and meltponds,
ice mass loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance of «marine ice sheets.&raq
ice mass
loss and gain in Greenland and Antarctica, the ozone hole, and the existence and significance
of «marine
ice sheets.&raq
ice sheets.»
Ice loss during the second half of August was in fact the slowest observed during the last decade, resulting in the observed, unexceptional September sea ice extent being recorded despite the extremely low ice conditions present at the start of the summ
Ice loss during the second half
of August was in fact the slowest observed during the last decade, resulting in the observed, unexceptional September
sea ice extent being recorded despite the extremely low ice conditions present at the start of the summ
ice extent being recorded despite the extremely low
ice conditions present at the start of the summ
ice conditions present at the start
of the summer.
Much was made
of this major
loss rate and low
extent in the press and
sea ice blogs.
Just after the June Outlook was completed (based on May data), arctic
sea ice extent briefly set record daily rates
of loss.