«This is the first galaxy in which we can see both the wind from the two supermassive black holes and the outflow of
low ionization gas from star formation at the same time.»
But calculations of the amount of ionized hydrogen in intergalactic space depend on the ionization rate for the background radiation, and
a lower ionization rate would mean less ionized hydrogen.
The dissociation products of NF3 and SiH4 molecules possess
lower ionization potentials, and they form an easily ionized admixture to the main gas.
Not exact matches
If astronomers have been ruffled by the ripples, they have been completely blown away by the Hubble's new images of so - called fliers, an acronym for fast,
low -
ionization emission regions.
«I would say in the evidence that we presented [last year], and also that other groups presented, it is clear that [the
lower - level orbital] definitely has a contribution in tunnel
ionization,» Gühr says.
While the exact mechanism for charging and for initiating lightning within the Venusian clouds is not currently known (Yair 2012) it is nonetheless likely that cosmic ray
ionization has an important role in this process as it is believed to be the primary source of atmospheric ions at middle and
low altitudes.
This UV leakage should be sufficient to fully ionize Helium in the diffuse ionized gas, but instead, the fractional
ionization of He appears to be relatively
low, in the range of 10 - 20 %.
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The catch which neither you nor the proprietors of realclimate realize is that the energies relevant for
low altitude
ionization are way higher than the
low energy records either you or they look at.
This is also why global warming alarmists try to do their best to quench anything related to the the solar variability → cosmic ray flux → atmospheric
ionization →
low altitude cloud cover link which by now has ample evidence for support, both empirical and experimental.
Consequently, a
lower tropospheric
ionization rate results.
(The solar magnetic cycle changes cause an increase or decrease to the solar heliosphere and solar wind which in turn results in an increase or decrease in atmospheric
ionization which in turn results in less or more
low level clouds which results in more or less solar energy being reflected into space.)
Since cosmic rays dominate the troposphere
ionization, an increased solar activity will translate into a reduced
ionization, and empirically, also to a reduced
low altitude cloud cover.
Empirical associations between solar - modulated cosmic ray
ionization of the atmosphere and globally averaged
low - level cloud cover remain ambiguous.
In addition, the level of
ionization of the atmosphere has been proposed as an important mechanism that can modulate the
low cloud cover formation (Tinsley, 2008; Kirkby, 2007; Svensmark et al., 2009).
The Svensmark theory (
low cloud generation on aerosols through GCR
ionization in the atmosphere) may be the mechanism.
It is nicer looking than the First Alert Z - Wave model, with smooth corners and an elegant rounded shape, but it doesn't come in a wired version, it has only an
ionization sensor, and it operates on three standard AA batteries, meaning
low - battery chirps are still a possibility.