Sentences with phrase «low penetrance»
"Low penetrance" refers to a condition or genetic trait that may not always cause visible or noticeable effects in a person who possesses the gene. In simpler terms, even if someone has the gene, there is a low probability that they will display symptoms or show any signs of the condition. Full definition
It is possible that the co-inheritance of more than one such low penetrance gene may result in more marked clustering of melanoma in some families.
genomel.org
Given such low penetrance, this CO2 radiation will be much more effected by mist, spray and foam, and should more directly impact evaporation than radiation which penetrates 10s of meters.
To find low penetrance genes which increase the risk of melanoma.
GenoMEL has been using genome wide association studies (GWAS) to find inherited low penetrance genetic variation associated with an increased risk of melanoma: that is, common genes which increase risk just a little.
These are called low penetrance genes.Although each gene has a very small effect on risk, when we have many of such genes then our cancer risk is considerably increased.
For melanoma it is easiest to group susceptibility genes into rare high penetrance genes and more common lower penetrance genes but the truth is that this distinction is not absolute.
The hypothesis then, is that inheritance of these putative low penetrance genes predisposes white skinned peoples to melanoma but that as this predisposition is weak, there may be only one or occasionally two cases in the family.
There are other possible low penetrance genes promoting susceptibility to melanoma which Melanoma Genetics Consortium and others are exploring.
The majority of people who carry these low penetrance genes will not develop the disease.
The first paper was published in 2009, and a series of more recent papers have shown increased numbers of these low penetrance melanoma susceptibility genes.
For example, there are predisposing genes with near 100 % penetrance such as Huntington's Chorea (everyone with the predisposition will manifest the syndrome if they live long enough), while there are many other genes, which have a low penetrance.
In any country, people who inherit more of these low penetrance melanoma genes are more likely to get melanoma if they sun bathe.
It is also possible that families carrying these low penetrance genes may have more cases of melanoma if they live in areas of the world where the environmental exposures are more extreme such as Queensland: that is, as a result of gene / environment interaction.
However, caution should be used in aggressively selecting against mutant alleles which have low penetrance or low risk for the disease state when the mutant alleles are common throughout the breed.