Certain brands sell peanut butter with
lower aflatoxin levels, yet since there are healthier seed and nut butter -LSB-...]
Certain brands sell peanut butter with
lower aflatoxin levels, yet since there are healthier seed and nut butter options, like sunflower seed butter or almond butter, it's best to find a use for these.
Not exact matches
Part of the reason farmers using Aflasafe are able to make money, however, is that they were included in an aggregation service that would collect their products and bring them to a market where buyers would pay top dollar for the
low -
aflatoxin product, Cardwell notes.
The question is whether the same
low - protein diets that prevent the growth of pre-cancerous lesions once they are formed also increase the toxicity of
aflatoxin and other harmful chemicals, decrease the capacity for tissue repair, increase the risk of dying from chemical overdose, and promote the formation of pre-cancerous lesions when these diets are fed to the rats of the same strain, sex, age, and protein requirements.
Under such conditions [wherein
low - protein diets suppress the activity of detoxification enzymes], the parent compound AFB1 would accumulate to cause greater acute toxic effects, whereas less product (i.e.,
aflatoxin - DNA adducts) would accumulate to initiate carcinogenesis.
They carried on the experiment for two years, roughly a full lifetime for a lucky lab rat, but they stopped the
aflatoxin after six months (when the rats were seven months old, and thus mature adults) because the
low - protein rats were keeling over dead left and right:
In more realistic models where the rats were dosed with smaller (but still large) amounts of
aflatoxin every day, the
low - protein diets proved fatal, even in adulthood.
Mainigi and Campbell (1980) tried feeding 20 % casein and 5 % casein (5C) to rats, spiked with 5 parts per million (ppm)
aflatoxin as a daily dose, but they had to feed the
low - casein group only 2.5 ppm instead:
In contrast, animals initiated with a
low -
aflatoxin dose actually produced substantially more foci when subsequently fed the 20 % protein diet.
The results suggested that
low doses of
aflatoxin were both more toxic and more carcinogenic to monkeys fed
low - protein diets.
Effect of
Low Protein Diet on
Low Dose Chronic
Aflatoxin B1 Induced Hepatic Injury in Rhesus Monkeys.
We investigated this question by giving two groups of rats either a high -
aflatoxin dose or a
low -
aflatoxin dose, along with a standard baseline diet.
Then, during the promotion phase, we fed a
low - protein diet to the high -
aflatoxin dose groups and a high - protein diet to the
low -
aflatoxin dose group.
In these studies, a chronic
low dose of
aflatoxin produced precancerous lesions in monkeys fed 5 % casein but not in those fed 20 % casein; a chronic medium dose saved the
low - protein monkeys from precancerous lesions by — yup, you guessed it — killing them, while the high - protein monkeys suffered neither plight; and a chronic high dose was finally able to give the high - protein monkeys pre-cancerous lesions.
Effect of High and
Low Dietary Protein on the Dosing and Postdosing Periods of
Aflatoxin B1 - induced Hepatic Preneoplastic Lesion Development in the Rat.
Indeed, the researchers weren't pulling our legs: This study really did show that a
low - protein diet was both more «cancer promoting» and more deadly than a high - protein diet when the dose of
aflatoxin was
lower.
The results of this earlier experiment were published in a paper called «Effect of
Low Protein Diet on
Low Dose Chronic
Aflatoxin B1 Induced Hepatic Injury in Rhesus Monkeys» in 1989.
Monkeys on
low protein diet [with 0.16 ppm
aflatoxin] surviving for 90 weeks or more show foci of preneoplastic lesions, whereas those on high protein diet reveal no such alterations at the corresponding time interval.
The hepatic injury again is more accentuated in the
low protein group as compared with the high protein group [with 0.5 ppm
aflatoxin].
Chris Masterjohn has noted that in rats given a
low dose of
aflatoxin daily, after six months all rats on a 20 percent protein diet were still alive, but half the rats on a 5 percent protein diet had died.
In one intriguing paper titled «Effect of
Low Protein Diet on Chronic
Aflatoxin B1 - induced Liver Injury in Rhesus Monkeys,» the researchers describe something that undermines the conclusions Campbell drew from his own research.
The rats on the
low - casein diet were more vulnerable to acute
aflatoxin toxicity — they were more likely to die right away from
aflatoxin poisoning than the high - casein rats.
The experiment carried on for two years, in fact, but they stopped adminstering
aflatoxin at six months for the simple reason that half the animals on the
low - protein diet had died.
All animals administered the same level of
aflatoxin but fed the
low 5 % protein diet were alive, active and thrifty, with sleek hair coats at 100 weeks.
Alas, we find that these
low - protein diets made the rats eat less food, fail to grow, and unable to efficiently detoxify
aflatoxin and a multitude of other toxins.
Campbell had conducted research showing that
low - protein diets suppress the enzymatic detoxification of
aflatoxin.
But the increased susceptibility of rats fed
low - protein diets to environmental toxins doesn't stop at
aflatoxin.
Campbell's Fisher 344 rats still showed much greater vulnerability to
aflatoxin toxicity on a
low - protein diet.
Inhibition of
aflatoxin B1 - induced gamma - glutamyltranspeptidase positive (GGT +) hepatic preneoplastic foci and tumors by
low protein diets: evidence that altered GGT + foci indicate neoplastic potential.
1983 May; 43 (5): 2150 - 4 Effect of high and
low dietary protein on the dosing and postdosing periods of
aflatoxin B1 - induced hepatic preneoplastic lesion development in the rat)
Campbell and K. D. Mainigi fed rats high - and
low - protein diets with or without
aflatoxin.
One exception I think was the use in one study of 5ppm
aflatoxin for high - casein and 2.5 ppm
aflatoxin for
low - casein rather than just using 2.5 ppm for both groups so the
low - casein rats wouldn't die.
Campbell never tells us, however, that these Indian researchers actually published this paper as part of a two - paper set, one showing that
low - casein diets make
aflatoxin much more acutely toxic to rats (1), and the other showing that these same diets make
aflatoxin much less carcinogenic (2).
Aflatoxin proved lethal to Fisher 344 rats fed
low - protein diets when rats fed high - protein diets were immune to the same doses (4).
«Effect of
low protein diet on
low dose chronic
aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic injury in rhesus monkeys.»
More clues for understanding the casein - cancer research come from another Indian study — this one published in the late 1980s, and examining the effects of protein in
aflatoxin - exposed monkeys instead of rats.14 As with Campbell's experiments, the monkeys were fed diets containing either 5 percent or 20 percent casein, but with one important difference: instead of being slammed with an astronomically (and unrealistically) high dose of
aflatoxin, the monkeys were exposed to
lower, daily doses — mimicking a real - world situation where
aflatoxin is consumed frequently in small amounts from contaminated foods.
When the
aflatoxin dose is more moderate, animals eating a
low - protein diet develop cancer while their higher - protein counterparts remain in mighty fine health.
Far better choices are widely and affordably available that are much
lower in inflammatory omega - 6 fats without risk from
aflatoxins and lectins.
And one of the things that has come out from my work is that we're doing more harm to ourselves than we recognize by consuming
aflatoxin, ochratoxin and some of the other common mycotoxins in our food supply at levels that are some sometimes considered safe and that by
lowering those like making better choices like not eating something as simple as raisins.
Chronic,
low - dose exposures to
aflatoxin can suppress the immune system and cause cancer.
High calcium levels, high vitamin D,
low vitamin A, dietary protein levels and even
aflatoxin ingestion can all slowly work together to damage your bird's kidneys.