The EU, USA and other industrialised countries want to see a deal in which all major economies sign up to targets, either for emissions reductions or
lower carbon intensity.
Most people are already aware of
the lower carbon intensity of natural gas compared to coal when used to generate electricity.
Funding will be available for new, low - carbon facilities, or for projects that
lower the carbon intensity of fuels produced at existing facilities.
Or will authorities finally beging to plan where homes and buildings are, tighten up on fuel and emissions regulations, and do all the things that make peoplpe more healthy AND, oh yes, also mean that factor of two or three
lower carbon intensity?
The government previously announced it would
lower the carbon intensity of its economy 40 - 45 percent below 2005 levels.
So if we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
lower the carbon intensity of our fuel, energy grasses such as miscanthus and switchgrass are going to result in the biggest reductions, not corn stover.»
Aldy's scheme allows that plant to satisfy the standard through a combination of buying low or zero - emissions power and making its own power with
lower carbon intensity.
At the same time the shift in fuels for electricity generation began
lowering the carbon intensity of electricity in the region, demand for electricity in the Northeast became stagnant or started declining.
Edeniq, Inc. developed a low - cost,
low carbon intensity technology for the conversion of cellulosic biomass (plant material) to ethanol.
GranBio begins producing cellulosic ethanol in Brazil; very
low carbon intensity of 6.98 gCO2e / MJ for California LCFS
In my view, money would be far better spent figuring out how to adapt to an ever changing climate, not looking to «build
low carbon intensity economies».
But a country with
low carbon intensity and large economy could still emit more overall than a country with a high carbon intensity and small economy.
This trend of rapid decoupling of emissions from economic output was driven firstly by improvements in energy efficiency and secondly by
lower carbon intensities, including reduced coal use in China and the United States and growth in low - carbon renewables such as wind and solar in many parts of the world (Peters et al 2017).
«The Balanced Fund's
low carbon intensity continues to be directly tied to the Fund's avoidance of the Oil and Gas, Utilities and Basic Resource sectors, as well as stock selection within the Insurance sector,» Green Century stated in a new report.
The low carbon intensity of the electric grid in Canada and corresponding low embodied carbon of the cell would combine with the high mitigation potential in China to produce an optimized mitigation technology.»
Not exact matches
In addition to reduced energy
intensity,
carbon dioxide emissions reflected
lower residential sector demand for heating after a warmer - than - usual winter in 2012.
The
low -
carbon fuel standard orders providers to reduce the
carbon intensity of their fuels by 10 percent by 2020 through efforts such as blending in biofuels that result in less greenhouse gases emitted when burned.
The California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff has updated
carbon intensities (CIs) and other information about registered biorefineries, and posted the information at the
Low Carbon Fuel... Read more →
Future emissions estimated based on OECD projections for economic growth and steady progress towards the upper (65 %) or
lower (60 %) end of China's
carbon intensity target for 2030.
California ARB considering amendments to
Low Carbon Fuel Standard; handling high
carbon -
intensity crude oil (HCICO)
In return for being part of a global climate change regime, developing countries want support from developed countries in the form of finance, technology and capacity building to be able to grow with
lower energy and
carbon intensity.
My sense is that they take green tech seriously as a global business sector and a way, internally, to limit coal and oil demand and dependence, but I don't perceive the Chinese taking
low carbon seriously as an internal policy goal (if that means a
carbon intensity trajectory more than a nudge below what will happen anyway for other reasons).
Among other initiatives, we're proud to have reduced our greenhouse gas emissions
intensity by more than 30 % since 1990; to be the initial developer of a supercritical coal plant that will emit 15 %
lower carbon dioxide than existing plants; to be a founding member of the FutureGen Alliance; to be a part of Australia's
low -
carbon Coal 21 program; and to be the only non-Chinese partner in China's zero - emissions GreenGen project.
In the same press release, however, they say that its
carbon intensity target, together with its efforts in the development of
low -
carbon energy sources and reafforestation, are «independent actions in accordance with its national commitments («这是我国根据国情采取的自主行动...»)» [my translation].
What this new
carbon intensity target says is that China is politically committed to continuing its policy of energy conservation and
low -
carbon energy deployment beyond 2010, in its 12th and 13th five year plans.
Much of the basis of these critiques seem to be along the lines that since China is already reducing its energy
intensity by 20 percent of 2005 levels by 2010 (which would translate to slightly higher
carbon intensity reductions because of and increased deployment of
low -
carbon energy sources), it would by 2020 essentially be already halfway towards meeting this 2020
carbon intensity target.
«[A] lthough wood has approximately the same
carbon intensity as coal (0.027 vs. 0.025 tC GJ − 1 of primary energy -LSB-...]-RRB-, combustion efficiency of wood and wood pellets is
lower (Netherlands Enterprise Agency; IEA 2016).
«My view is that a Chinese target of a 40 percent reduction in
carbon emissions
intensity between 2005 and 2020 would be a continuation of historical trends,» said Jim Watson, from the Tyndall Centre for climate change research in Britain [and whose report on China's
carbon scenarios we've discussed on this blog; see previous post «Tyndall Centre Climate Report: High Hopes for
Low Carbon»].
Eligible feedstocks for diesel substitutes are waste - based biomass and purpose grown crops with a
carbon intensity substantially
lower than soy (83.25 gCO2 - eq / MJ).
I generally find lye + heat effective, though some think pyrolysis more economically efficient than saponification, as it sequesters the
carbon and produces both fertilizer and
low CO2E -
intensity fuels, whereas the former only leads to soap and ashes.
Eligible feedstocks for gasoline substitutes are waste - based biomass and purpose grown crops with a
carbon intensity substantially
lower than current average California produced ethanol using Midwest corn feedstocks (80.7 gCO2 - eq / MJ).
Further, wrote Dinneen, several commenters referenced the article by Liska et al. in the Yale Journal of Industrial Ecology that showed
lower direct
carbon intensity values than the GREET model values used by ARB.
AGL Energy's own interim accounts, released today, make much of the fact that AGL Energy has positioned itself to prosper in the
low carbon environment by being a leader in clean energy and reducing the emissions
intensity of its portfolio.
[1] The Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 defines «clean» electricity as «electricity generated at a facility placed in service after 1991 using renewable energy, qualified renewable biomass, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, or qualified waste - to - energy; and electricity generated at a facility placed in service after enactment that uses qualified combined heat and power (CHP), [which] generates electricity with a
carbon -
intensity lower than 0.82 metric tons per megawatt - hour (the equivalent of new supercritical coal), or [electricity generated] as a result of qualified efficiency improvements or capacity additions at existing nuclear or hydropower facilities -LSB-; or] electricity generated at a facility that captures and stores its
carbon dioxide emissions.»
There are ways to mitigate the risk — gas and high efficiency,
low emission (HELE) coal generation decrease the
carbon intensity of energy generation.
Clean electricity and
low -
carbon biofuels can reduce the
carbon intensity of Oregon's fuel supply.
Fuel
carbon intensity: Switching to
lower carbon fuels and energy carriers is technically feasible, such as by using sustainably produced b / h3iofuels or electricity and hydrogen when produced using renewable energy or other
low ‐
carbon technologies.
Two basic factors contributed to
lower electricity generation
carbon intensity (CO2 / kilowatthour) since 2005: substitution of coal - fired generation with the less -
carbon - intensive and more efficient combined - cycle natural gas - fired generation, and growth in non-
carbon electricity generation, especially wind and solar.
The decline in coal CO2 emissions has contributed to a
lower overall
carbon intensity of U.S. energy consumption and kept emissions below pre-recession levels.
Another is a B.C. - style
low -
carbon fuel standard, which requires a 10 per cent reduction in the
carbon intensity of gasoline by 2020.
Options from Climate Works, on the other hand, range from continuing
carbon intensity improvements — at a negative cost — to relatively
low cost land use options and high cost energy changes — such as solar power.
Second, a shift of focus from energy
intensity to
carbon intensity will help accelerate China's transition to a
low -
carbon economy.
The current energy
intensity standard does not distinguish between energy derived from high -
carbon fossil fuels and
low -
carbon renewables or nuclear.
Because smaller refineries can be affected by the California Average crude oil incremental deficit, but can not affect the Annual Crude Average
carbon intensity, ARB is proposing to allow
low - complexity /
low - energy - use refineries to opt out of the California Average Crude Provision in the current LCFS regulation and instead have their crude oil incremental deficit calculated on a refinery - specific basis.
Consumption of more
low -
carbon goods and overall improving energy
intensity kept the 1.3 % increase from 2009 to 2011 down.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378012001215 They showed a
low bias in IPCC evaluations for sea level rise, CO2 emissions, sea ice decline, permafrost melt and
carbon feedbacks, rainfall
intensity and northern hemisphere snow cover.
A mix of options to
lower the energy per unit of GDP and
carbon intensity of energy systems (as well as
lowering the energy
intensity of end uses) will be needed to achieve a truly sustainable energy future in a decarbonized world.
In the meantime, emphasis will be put on operational efficiency that
lowers product
carbon intensity.
Governor Schwarzenegger's Executive Order S -01-07 established a
low -
carbon fuel standard for transportation fuels sold in California that will reduce the
carbon intensity of California's passenger vehicle fuels by at least 10 percent by 2020.
Accepting a
carbon price would not limit India to any
lower emission rate or
intensity rate than the US.