Not exact matches
According to Richard Rothstein, the author of The Color of Law, this was achieved when zoning ordinances began «to reserve
middle -
class neighborhoods for single - family homes that
lower - income families of all races could not afford.»
Of the several slums I have visited periodically since 1973, one is gone, replaced by two - decker row houses, and another is being transformed into a
lower -
middle -
class manufacturing
neighborhood.
The $ 41 billion Housing New York: A Five - Borough, Ten - Year Plan is the most expansive and ambitious affordable housing agenda of its kind in the nation's history, and Mayor de Blasio pledged it would reach New Yorkers ranging from those with very
low incomes at the bottom of the economic ladder, all the way to those in the
middle class facing ever - rising rents in their
neighborhoods.
RIP Jerry Birbach, a Queens firebrand whose struggle to block a proposed
low - income housing project in his Forest Hills
neighborhood in 1972 augured a white
middle -
class backlash to the liberal urban agenda and helped propel the late former Gov. Mario Cuomo's political career.
I grew up in the 1980s and 1990s, in a
lower -
middle -
class suburban
neighborhood on the outskirts of Columbus.
Marion is a double - shift - working psych ward nurse, who lives with her husband Larry (Tracy Letts, acting older than he is), sullen adopted son Miguel (Jordan Rodrigues), and Lady Bird in a
lower -
middle class neighborhood.
These are the kids whose fathers may be incarcerated, whose mothers may be working long hours at
low - wage jobs, who live in troubled
neighborhoods with little to occupy them in their free time, and whose parents lack the connections and knowledge needed to put them on a path to the
middle class.
The Harvard study is the first examination of child - care availability in
middle class and
low - income
neighborhoods in Massachusetts, particularly those with high concentrations of welfare recipients and single mothers.
At 16, the most important event in my life occurred: My family moved out of a
lower - income southern California
neighborhood to a
middle -
class community.
Illustration by Daniel Vasconcellos At 16, the most important event in my life occurred: My family moved out of a
lower - income southern California
neighborhood to a
middle -
class community.
Murray emphasizes in particular the degree to which the better educated and professional have concentrated in certain
neighborhoods, and how opportunities for the upper
middle class of college - goers to interact with and know neighbors of
lower classes have declined.
The cultural differences between the newcomers and the old - timers in gentrifying
neighborhoods can be easily, though inadequately, summarized: white, upper -
middle -
class families prefer a progressive and discursive style of interaction with their children, both at home and in school, and
lower - income, nonwhite families prefer a traditional or authoritarian style of interaction with their children in these same venues.
Issued in the spring of 1972, the panel's final report predicted that, unless steps were taken, alternatives to public schools would all but disappear; the greatest impact, the report noted, would be felt in «large urban centers, with especially grievous consequences for poor and
lower middle -
class families in racially changing
neighborhoods where the nearby nonpublic school is an indispensable stabilizing factor.»
Thus, taking travel distance and local
neighborhood demographics into account, a public school of choice that over represents white
middle -
class students based on the results of unconstrained lotteries might, instead, dispense offers of admission based on lotteries in which students from
low - income families or families from
neighborhoods in which blacks predominate have higher odds of selection.
A large number of black
middle -
class families also reside in
low - income
neighborhoods, and as a result, their children are more likely to attend
low - income schools compared to white,
middle -
class families.46
«In our nation's public schools today, most teachers are white,
middle class, and female, while most of their students» families are people of color living in
low - income
neighborhoods.
The empirical research indicates that gentrification can result in the restructuring of urban
neighborhoods through the displacement of
low - income residents of color, the loss of their culture and institutions, and the influx of
middle to upper -
class whites.
In 1982, Kathleen Wilcox did a comparative ethnographic study of a classroom in a
lower -
middle -
class neighborhood and an upper -
middle -
class neighborhood classroom.
Yet another study seems to indicate that white and Asian
middle -
class families benefit more than minority and
lower -
class families from open enrollment programs where students can choose to go to public schools outside of their
neighborhoods.
In urban areas,
low - income white students are more likely to be integrated into
middle -
class neighborhoods and are less likely to attend school predominantly with other disadvantaged students.
The
middle class and even most
lower class folks don't have this problem because if they're stuck in a failing school, they can always MOVE out of the
neighborhood.
E. L. Haynes, for example, receives many applications from
middle -
class families who proactively seek information because of the school's reputation, and it therefore directs all its recruitment efforts — from distributing information outside grocery stores to speaking at
neighborhood association meetings — to
low - income communities.
New York city district administrators, therefore, now face the challenge of drawing and redrawing school zones as they try to find a balance between this intense segregation in these schools, the influx of white
middle and upper -
class families as gentrifiers, and the
low - income minority families already in the
neighborhood.
Because white
middle class families who represent a large portion of the housing market are reluctant to pursue homes in black
neighborhoods, property values tend to fall if a
neighborhood becomes majority black and remain
low compared to white
neighborhoods (Fletcher, 2015).
From the book jacket: The attic room at 26a Waifer Avenue in the
lower -
middle -
class London
neighborhood of Neasden is a sanctuary for identical twins Georgia and Bessi Hunter.
The attic room at 26a Waifer Avenue in the
lower -
middle -
class London
neighborhood of Neasden is a sanctuary for identical twins Georgia and Bessi Hunter.
New York City's
Lower East Side is rich in history, the proud home of many ethnicities and cultures, a
neighborhood simultaneously old and new, rich and poor, more and more
middle -
class, drawing streams of tourists every year seeking bold clothing designers, authentic cuisine, and outsider art.
East of the center are mostly
lower - income areas with some
middle -
class neighborhoods such as Jardín Balbuena.
A majority of Ugly houses are typically in
lower socioeconomic
neighborhoods, but sometimes in moderate or
middle class neighborhoods.
If you lived in a
neighborhood that lenders considered «hazardous» you didn't get access to the
low - cost mortgages that helped grow the
middle class in the 20th century.