Same Energy Watch Group report, citing a 2006 study conducted by BP Energy: â $ œThe growing share of
lower quality coal is the reason why total coal production in terms of energy content peaked in 1998 at 598.4 Mtoe and has since declined to 576.2 Mtoe in 2005 in spite of the continuous rise in produced volumes (BP 2006).
«China is the largest coal consumer in the world, but it burns much
lower quality coal, such as brown coal, which has a lower heat value and carbon content compared to the coal burned in the US and Europe,» said Prof Guan.
Relying on
low quality coal «is a bad thing,» Guan says.
With new measures to cap coal use and restrict imports of
low quality coal in China, it appears the tide is turning against the coal exporters.
Not exact matches
In its statement, Peabody reiterated its belief that advanced clean
coal technology «is the bridge to a
low - emissions future for a world experiencing rising electricity demand to satisfy urbanization and offer a higher
quality of life.»
There are
qualities of various
coals (just like oil) that increase costs as you go from high grade to
lower grade.
Reference prices are assumed to be below observed import prices in some cases, such as steam
coal in India, which relies heavily on
low -
quality domestic
coal but imports small volumes of higher
quality coal.
This production and reserve base allows Murray Energy to provide electric utility customers with
low cost, reliable, and high
quality coal supplies.
In the United States,
coal's dominance in the power sector has been eroded by
low gas prices; in China,
coal demand has fallen due to
lower use in the industrial and residential sectors linked to efforts to improve air
quality; while in the United Kingdom a recently introduced carbon price floor has rung the death knell for
coal use in power generation.
A number of policies to cut imports have been implemented, which we expect to have an impact despite the
lower quality of domestic Indian
coal.
We expanded our business in the 1990s and 2000s by purchasing additional high
quality coal reserves strategically located near customers and convenient and
low cost modes of transportation in Northern Appalachia, the Illinois Basin, and in Utah.
Dan Wyant, who heads Michigan's Department of Environmental
Quality, expects that most power companies are generally supportive of
lowering carbon emissions, especially from
coal.
10 or 15 years ago, the city of Tacoma was running a small power plant that had been converted to burn a mixture of pulverized
coal, hog fuel (lumber waste that was too
low quality to make paper from) and RDF (refuse derived fuel, basically the lightweight plastic and paper shreds from garbage that would rise up and over in an air separator) in a fluidized bed combustor.
The ratio of energy returned on energy invested (EROEI) for fossil energy production has tended to fall as high -
quality deposits of oil,
coal, and natural gas are depleted, and as society relies more on unconventional oil and gas that require more energy for extraction, and on
coal that is more deeply buried or that is of
lower energy content.
Although India has seemingly abundant
coal reserves, the
low -
quality, high - ash fuel causes problems when it's used in state - of - the - art power plants.
Youngsters in the east India village of Bokapahari scavenge for
coal from one of the region's open mines, but the
low -
quality domestic fuel has proven unsuitable for modern
coal plants.
Older
coal plants will continue to be hamstrung by the cost of complying with non-climate pollution rules (such as the ozone air
quality standards), plus the perhaps even
lower price of natural gas.
The burning of
low -
quality coal has been a persistent environmental issue, although one that has lessened as natural gas has become more common in Turkish homes.
Researchers at Kyoto University in Japan have proposed a novel two - stage process to convert
low - rank
coals or biomass wastes under mild conditions to high -
quality liquid fuel.
Global warming was a big turn - off factor for
coal - but even more people were worried about how
coal - plants
lowered the
quality of the local environment.