But even if it can be proven that breastfeeding moms earning trajectories are someone
lower than formula feeding moms, I think we need to consider more than just earnings into the economic cost / benefit analysis.
Not exact matches
What the researchers discovered was that when they were
fed the
lower protein
formula, the children had grown to the same height, but weighed less
than the children
fed the high protein
formula.
Babies who were breastfed had a
lower risk of type 2 diabetes in later life
than did those who were
formula fed.
Breastfed babies typically have
lower blood pressure
than formula fed babies and are less likely to develop heart disease.
There is no evidence that they will develop
low blood sugars if they don't
feed every three hours (the whole issue of
low blood sugars has become a mass hysteria in newborn nurseries which, like all hysterias, results from a grain of truth, perhaps, but actually causes more problems
than it prevents, including the problem of many babies getting
formula when they don't need it, and being separated from their mothers when they don't need to be, and not latching on).
Breastfeeding mothers are at
lower risk of depression
than formula -
feeding mothers.
And the reason is because infants who are breastfed, more
than formula fed or who are breastfeeding for longer periods of time, they do have about a 20 percent
lower risk of being overweight, as a pre-teener and the teen years and the reason is because, when babies are being breastfed, so they are at the breast, they rely on their own hunger signals to modulate what they consume.
The estimated percentage of US children aged 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years classified as overweight increased from 5.0 % and 6.5 % in 1980 to 10.4 % and 19.6 %, respectively, in 2007 -2008.1-3 The increase in childhood obesity was also observed among those aged 6 to 23 months, from 7.2 % in 1980 to 11.6 % in 2000.1 Given the numerous health risks related to childhood obesity,4 - 7 its prevention is becoming a public health priority.8 It has been reported that
feeding practices affect growth and body composition in the first year of life, with breastfed infants gaining less rapidly
than formula -
fed infants.9 - 14 There is also evidence that breastfed infants continue to have a
low risk for later childhood obesity.15 - 18
The Davis Area Research on Lactation, Infant Nutrition and Growth (DARLING) study reported that breastfed and
formula -
fed groups had similar weight gain during the first 3 months, but the breastfed babies began to drop below the median beginning at 6 to 8 months and were significantly
lower weight
than the
formula -
fed group between 6 and 18 months.
It's tricky because if they get it before giving birth, receiving the
formula sample is not helping at all, it plays the same role (undermining the confidence a mother has in her ability to breastfeed) as with anybody else, in fact a little bit worse because
lower income mothers are even more likely to
formula -
feed than others.
Healthy term infants
fed a
formula containing PO as the predominant oil in the fat blend had significantly
lower BMC and BMD
than those
fed a
formula without PO.
Breastfeeding mothers are less tired and get more sleep
than their
formula or mixed -
feeding counterparts and this
lowers their risk of depression (Dorheim et al 2009).
Research also shows that kids who are
fed soy
formula (versus breastmilk or cow's milk
formula) in the first year of life may have a significantly
lower bone density
than other kids.
Breastfeeding mothers are less tired and get more sleep
than their
formula or mixed -
feeding counterparts which
lowers their risk of depression: Dorheim, S., Bondevik, G. et al Sleep and depression in postpartum women: A population - based study.
Mothers who breastfeed have been found to report
lower levels of perceived stress and negative mood, higher levels of maternal attachment, and tend to perceive their infants more positively
than mothers who
formula -
feed.9, 19 - 21 There is evidence to suggest that breastfeeding mothers may also spend more time in emotional care and be more sensitive to infant emotional distress cues
than bottle -
feeding mothers.22, 23 Relatedly, a small fMRI study of 17 mothers in the first postpartum month, found that breastfeeding mothers showed greater activation in brain areas involved in empathy and bonding
than formula -
feeding mothers when listening to their own infant's cry.24 These brain areas included the superior frontal gyrus, insula, precuneus, striatum and amygdala.
While this doesn't necessarily mean that breastfed babies are healthier
than formula -
fed babies, «there is emerging evidence that breastfeeding is correlated with
lower incidence of inflammatory conditions in early life, and potentially later life, compared to non-breastfed infants,» Arnardottir says.
Physiologic sleep studies have found that breastfed infants are more easily aroused from sleep
than their
formula -
fed counterparts.247, 248 In addition, breastfeeding results in a decreased incidence of diarrhea, upper and
lower respiratory infections, and other infectious diseases249 that are associated with an increased vulnerability to SIDS and provides overall immune system benefits from maternal antibodies and micronutrients in human milk.250, 251 Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months has been found to be more protective against infectious diseases compared with exclusive breastfeeding to 4 months of age and partial breastfeeding thereafter.249
Sometimes bone growth indicators are
lower in human milk -
fed preemies
than in those
fed formulas.
Overall, the introduction of
formula milk as well as any breast
feeding for less
than six months were found to be significant risk factors for hospital, doctor, or clinic visits and hospital admissions specifically for upper respiratory tract infections and wheezing
lower respiratory tract illness.
Mean fasting insulin concentrations in children and adults showed a tendency to be
lower in the breastfed subjects
than in the
formula -
fed subjects, which raises the possibility of emerging differences in insulin resistance between the breastfed and
formula -
fed groups.
Piglets
fed from birth with
formula providing 0.4 % of energy as 18:3 n − 3 (with percentages of total fatty acids of 29 % 18:2 n − 6 and 0.8 % 18:3 n − 3) had significantly
lower 22:6 n − 3 concentrations in the brain, brain synaptic terminal membranes, retina, liver, and blood lipids
than did piglets
fed sow milk (54 — 56).
Results: Subjects who were breastfed had a
lower risk of type 2 diabetes in later life
than did those who were
formula fed (7 studies; 76 744 subjects; odds ratio: 0.61; 95 % CI: 0.44, 0.85; P = 0.003).
The researchers — who examined data on more
than 8,000 children up to age 14 — did find that breast -
feeding was linked to a reduced risk of obesity and hyperactivity and measures of higher intelligence, but that breast advantage evaporated once they looked at families where one child was breast -
fed and one wasn't (my exact situation — my older son got the breast while the younger one had to settle for
formula because I had
low supply).
Nitrosamines, which are potent carcinogens, are often found in soy protein foods, and are greatly increased during the high temperature drying process.20 Not surprisingly, animal
feeding studies show a
lower weight gain for rats on soy
formula than those on whole milk, high - lactose
formula.21 Similar results have been observed in children on macrobiotic diets which include the use of soy milk and large amounts of whole grains.
In the first U.S. study of urinary arsenic in babies, Dartmouth College researchers found that
formula -
fed infants had higher arsenic levels
than breastfed infants, and that breast milk itself contained very
low arsenic concentrations.
The
formula fed infants had
lower blood levels of organochlorines
than the breast
fed infants.
«Cerebral cortex docosahexaenoic acid is
lower in
formula -
fed than in breast -
fed infants,» Nutrition Reviews.