What is the possibility that the tide gauge data is systematically
lower than the satellite data?
Not exact matches
SpaceX is looking to launch several small
satellites into a
lower orbit
than Viasat in order to cut down on latency errors, with the idea being the closer a
satellite is to Earth, the less likely there will be hiccups.
While the Dish Network's reach and power have weakened over the past few years just as Viacom's have, the
satellite company is still in a somewhat stronger position
than it used to be relative to the entertainment giant, because it knows that Viacom is already suffering from
low viewership numbers, and that impacts its ad revenues.
SES Video's underlying revenue of EUR 321.5 million was EUR 12.2 million (or 3.6 %)
lower than Q1 2017 at constant FX including a reduction of EUR 9.2 million from the combined impact of IFRS 15 accounting changes and
satellite health.
Spencer analyzed 90 climate models against surface temperature and
satellite temperature data, and found that more
than 95 percent of the models «have over-forecast the warming trend since 1979, whether we use their own surface temperature dataset (HadCRUT4), or our
satellite dataset of
lower tropospheric temperatures (UAH).»
This will be a major moment if successful, and will make SpaceX the first US company to successfully launch its first prototype internet
satellites intended for
low Earth orbit (200-1000 miles above Earth), a factor that would make them far more viable as a competitive alternative to ground - based internet
than the current heavyweights in geostationary orbit (30,000 + miles above Earth).
The cost of the space segment of such a system would be
low, as compared with ground - based TV systems: launching, rocket and
satellite would cost about $ 10 million, including allowance for possible launch failure, to which should be added not more
than $ 5 million for the ground station «up - link».
«Because of the broadcast from the space station, AAUSAT5 is at a much
lower altitude
than the
satellites we've previously sent up.
Every
satellite that flies
lower than geostationary orbit (22,500 miles) is destined to fall back to Earth eventually.
The Astra 1D
satellite broadcasts in a
lower frequency range — 10.7 to 10.95 gigahertz —
than the previous three Astra
satellites.
That quick loss of energy counteracts the previous expansion, causing the upper atmosphere to collapse back down — sometimes to an even smaller state
than it started in, leaving
satellites traveling through
lower - density regions
than anticipated.
Satellite manufacturer ORBCOMM, based in Fort Lee, New Jersey, has confirmed that a prototype telecommunications
satellite that hitched a ride with the mission was released into a
lower orbit
than intended due to the glitch.
This year's fire risk comes on the heels of a severe drought in eastern and southeastern Brazil, where the
satellite data showed a continued reduction in rainfall and a drawdown of groundwater associated with
lower than normal precipitation.
(Suborbital means the vehicle can fly only to a
lower altitude
than is necessary to start orbiting the Earth — it would have to travel higher, and faster, to reach altitudes achieved by orbiting
satellites or the International Space Station, for example.)
As a result, scientists typically ignore
satellite data for altitudes
lower than 15 kilometers, Ridley says.
Now new
satellite measurements reveal that from 2004 to 2007 — the declining phase of an unusually
low and prolonged solar minimum — the sun put out even less ultraviolet light
than expected but compensated by putting out more visible light.
A new paper published in the Journal of Climate reveals that the
lower part of the Earth's atmosphere has warmed much faster since 1979
than scientists relying on
satellite data had previously thought.
published in the Journal of Climate reveals that the
lower part of the Earth's atmosphere has warmed much faster since 1979
than scientists relying on
satellite data had previously thought.
This is the second
lowest winter peak in the 39 - year
satellite record — just 60,000 sq km larger
than the 2017 record — and 1.16 m sq km smaller
than the 1981 - 2010 average.
This is the second
lowest minimum extent in the
satellite record, 70,000 sq km larger
than the record set in 2017.
However,
satellite observations are notably cooler in the
lower troposphere
than predicted by climate models, and the research team in their paper acknowledge this, remarking: «One area of concern is that on average... simulations underestimate the observed
lower stratospheric cooling and overestimate tropospheric warming... These differences must be due to some combination of errors in model forcings, model response errors, residual observational inhomogeneities, and an unusual manifestation of natural internal variability in the observations.»
This week, despite fears of
lowered attendance tied to economic uncertainty following the U.S. election, or to the spread of the Zika virus, this committed set showed up in droves in Miami, dividing their time across ambitious museum and gallery openings, public art installations, more
than 20
satellite fairs, and the just - opened Faena arts district.
Why
satellite measurements show much
lower warming
than earth stations, especially in western Europe?
I will bet Gavin Schmidt or any other author on this website $ 200 on LongBets.org that Michael Crichton's projections for temperature increases are more accurate
than the IPCC, assuming that the temperature being projected is average
lower tropospheric temperature as measured by
satellites.
We conclude that the fact that trends in thermometer - estimated surface warming over land areas have been larger
than trends in the
lower troposphere estimated from
satellites and radiosondes is most parsimoniously explained by the first possible explanation offered by Santer et al. [2005].
The EOS Aura
satellite has some good plots of the Sulfur dioxide from Chaiten, many orders of magnitude
lower than Pinatubo (15 - 20Mt SO2)... so far.
This discovery was made thanks to weather
satellites that showed water vapour forms a lot
lower in the atmosphere
than was initially suggested.
The sondes in particular have shown a lot more cooling
than the
satellites, almost certainly too much, leading one to wonder whether their tropospheric trends are also too
low.
Last year, Arctic sea ice fell to the
lowest level ever recorded by
satellite, 39 percent
lower than the long - term average from 1979 to 2000.
«Statistically significant trend» is open for debate... but clearly
satellite measured temperatures are
lower than in 1998.]-RSB-
They do cite a study by Lindzen and Choi, which has shown, based on ERBE
satellite observations, that the net impact of a doubling of CO2 including all feedbacks is likely to be significantly
lower than the model - based estimates by Myhre for sensitivity without feedbacks.
And, as the
satellite observations of Spencer and Braswell showed, as the planet warms over a period of several months, clouds act as a net negative feedback (the reflecting
low - altitude clouds increase more
than the absorbing high - altitude clouds with warming).
All of the different
satellite measurements agree with that, but perhaps even more interesting is that the European RSL measurement shows that the sea level in 2011 was even
lower than it was back in 2005.
What makes this year unique is that the 2012 minimum is
lower than any since modern
satellite observations first began in the late 1970's — and by a wide margin.
The Global Warming Speedometer for January 2001 to June 2016 shows observed warming on the HadCRUT4 and NCEI surface temperature datasets as below IPCC's least prediction in 1990 and somewhat on the
low side of its 1995 and 2001 predictions, while the
satellite datasets show less warming
than all IPCC predictions from 1990 to 2001.
In 2008 - 2009 time frame, NASA found that the height of the atmosphere was
lower than they ever measured and this correlated to the quietest sun they had seen in the
satellite, instrumental age.
RSS
satellite is a bit
lower than GISS, but the effect is the same.)
Detailed analyses of publicly available
satellite photos show that Brazil has reduced deforestation in the Amazon enough over the past five years to
lower heat - trapping emissions more
than any other country on Earth.
The 2009 State of the Climate report gives these top indicators: humans emitted 30 billion tons of of CO2 into the atmosphere each year from the burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas), less oxygen in the air from the burning of fossil fuels, rising fossil fuel carbon in corals, nights warming faster
than days,
satellites show less of the earth's heat escaping into space, cooling of the stratosphere or upper atmosphere, warming of the troposphere or
lower atmosphere, etc..
«The latest (February 2012) monthly global temperature anomaly for the
lower atmosphere was minus 0.12 degrees Celsius, slightly less
than the average since the
satellite record of temperatures began in 1979.»
In other words, Arctic sea ice extent has been
lower than it was in 1938 - 43 during the entire
satellite record, and the current average summer extent is approximately 4.3 million square kilometers
lower than the 1940 minimum.
According to the University of Washington Polar Science Center, Arctic sea - ice levels have dropped to record
lows in July 2011, with sea ice volume now 47 percent
lower than it was in 1979, when
satellite records began.
In the image, the blue area in the center of the image depicts the recent appearance of cold water hugging the equator, which the
satellite measures as a region of
lower -
than - normal sea level.
If it has been engulfed by
low density suburbia and its piece of «country» has been preserved as a large park around it, the impact will be
lower than if a complete
satellite city has sprung up around it and it is on the pavement next to a 6 lane expressway.
As previously reported, Arctic sea ice cover was
lower in November 2016
than any other November in the
satellite record.
When I showed them similar
satellite data giving temperatures much
lower than theirs and pretty well at the minimum already they stopped talking to me!
However, the pace of decline returned to near - average rates by July, and the end - of - summer minimum sea ice extent, recorded on September 10, eventually tied for second
lowest with 2007 (2012 remains the
lowest in the
satellite time series by more
than 600,000 square kilometers or 232,000 square miles).
The average arctic sea ice monthly extent for September 2012 was the
lowest observed in the
satellite era at 3.6 million square kilometers, based on National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) estimates — 50 %
lower than the 1979 - 2000 average of 7.0 million square kilometers.
While daily extents for December 2016 were at record
lows, based on the method employed by NSIDC, the monthly average extent for December 2016 was slightly higher
than that recorded for December 2010, the record
low December in the
satellite record.
Finally, the December 2013
satellite measurement was only +0.16 °C, which is
lower than the +0.20 °C measurement observed for January 1981.