Spain already has one of
the lowest public expenditures on healthcare for its GDP in the European Union.
Their policies of
low public expenditure and low taxation were adopted by William Ewart Gladstone when he became Chancellor of the Exchequer and later Prime Minister.
Not exact matches
In particular how is the diproportionate benefit of
public services to
lower income groups which is indicated by your point i) reflected in either the impact to net income or net
expenditure?
The goo - goos are again calling for widespread reforms, including creation of a voluntary system of
public campaign financing,
lowering of the contribution limits and full disclosure of independent
expenditures.
Fourth, dismally
low public spending on health has crippled the
public sector and created large barriers in quality and access — the total
expenditure on health in India fell from 4 · 5 % of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2004 - 05 to 4 · 0 % of GDP in 2013 - 14, and most of this
expenditure was out - of - pocket leading to catastrophic health care
expenditure for millions.
It came about, in California, in part because we have one of the
lowest per - pupil
expenditures for
public education in the country.
Less than half of the
expenditure on early childhood education comes from
public sources (47 per cent), the second
lowest share among OECD countries.
Over the past decade, Nevada has consistently ranked in the
lowest quartile for per ‐ pupil
expenditures and other funding measures for
public education.
Although
public expenditures have grown steadily over the long term, recent years saw annual declines in spending from a high point of $ 610 billion in 2007 — 08 to a
low of $ 602 billion in 2011 — 12.
Like the Education Next survey, the Friedman survey asked respondents whether they thought
public school spending was too high, about right, or too
low, after first randomly assigning the respondents into two groups: one that first heard a prompt explaining that the average U.S.
public school spends $ 10,658 per pupil (this is average operating
expenditure per pupil), while the other group was not given any prompt.
For the prekindergarten program alone, they identified $ 92,220 in present value benefits and $ 8,512 in present value costs in 2007 dollars — a benefit - cost ratio of 10.83 to 1.22 The benefits derived mainly from reduced
public education
expenditures due to
lower grade retention and use of special education, reduced costs to the criminal justice system and victims of crime due to
lower crime rates, reduced
expenditures on child welfare due to less child abuse and neglect, higher projected earnings of center participants, and increased income tax revenue due to projected higher lifetime earnings of center participants.
Second, and now as a matter of practical policy - making reality, at a time when governments seem unwilling to devote more attention or
expenditure to
public provision of legal services for people living on
low income, exploring ways to harness private sector innovations may be the most realistic avenue for improving access to justice for that segment of the population.