We don't see a single person when we pull off to see a 430 - foot - deep
lunar crater in Tonopah, and the Fiat almost runs out of fuel before we get to the small city of Ely, Nevada, 304 miles from Mammoth.
Dr. Heywood Floyd is played to a tee by William Sylvester as the consummate politically savvy scientist leader on a secret mission to the moon's
lunar crater Tycho, who is unable to reveal the mission's real purpose.
NASA's former chief exploration scientist, Michael Wargo, has been posthumously honored with the distinction of having
a lunar crater named after him.
From the origin of the universe (big bang), to the origin of the moon (big collision), to the origin of
lunar craters (meteor strikes), to the demise of the dinosaurs (asteroid impact), to the numerous sudden downfalls of civilizations documented by Jared Diamond in his 2005 book Collapse, catastrophism is alive and well in mainstream science.
Much of its prospecting will go on deep inside
lunar craters, where it can't rely on solar panels and cameras like most spacecraft.
By far the most rigorously researched of the Tintin stories, it features nuclear fission, the effects of gravitation in space and why meteorites make
lunar craters, as well as side references in Professor Calculus's log book to the «constant of solar radiation» and the «limits of the solar spectrum in the ultraviolet».
detailed views of the swirling atmosphere of Jupiter, billowing dunes on Mars, and craggy
lunar craters.
LRO's Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), which can determine the height of a small patch of lunar soil to within 10 centimeters, has enabled scientists to compile a detailed topographical map of 5185
lunar craters, all more than 20 kilometers in diameter.
Exquisite telescopic photographs of the lunar surface had existed for decades before the Apollo missions to the Moon, but they did not resolve the controversy of the origin of
lunar craters were they formed by meteorite impact or by volcanic eruption?
A new study based on more than two billion laser readings taken as LRO cruised through its orbit has provided what may be the most complete accounting of
lunar craters yet.
A NASA spacecraft charting the topography of the moon in exceptional detail has produced a catalogue of
lunar craters that traces billions of years of impact history on the moon.
During the past two years, citizen scientists have helped locate more than 500 million
lunar craters by using an app called MoonMappers.
Printed in the United States of America Dating of individual
lunar craters.
Not exact matches
That's potentially problematic, because planetary scientists use the number of small impact
craters to estimate the age of the
lunar surface.
Panoramic
lunar view taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera of the north rim of Cabeus cr
lunar view taken by the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera of the north rim of Cabeus cr
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera of the north rim of Cabeus
crater.
Discovering molecular hydrogen on the moon was a surprise result from NASA's
Lunar Crater Observation Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission, which crash - landed the LCROSS satellite's spent Centaur rocket at 5,600 miles per hour into the Cabeus
crater in the permanently shadowed region of the moon.
Since the 1960's scientists thought that only in permanently shadowed areas in
craters near the
lunar poles was it cold enough to accumulate this volatile material, but recent observations by a number of spacecraft, including LRO, suggest that hydrogen on the moon is more widespread.
Using data gathered by NASA's
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission, scientists believe they have solved a mystery from one of the solar system's coldest regions — a permanently shadowed
crater on the moon.
In
craters near the south pole of the moon, NASA's
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter found some bright areas and some very cold areas.
The impact excavated a 20 - metre - wide
crater in the floor of Cabeus, kicking up plumes of
lunar material.
And maps of slow - moving neutrons collected by NASA's
Lunar Prospector, which orbited the moon in 1998 and 1999, suggested a number of
craters are rich in hydrogen, though it was not clear whether the hydrogen was bound in water molecules or was present in some other form.
Permanently shadowed
craters on the moon are among the coldest known places in the solar system and have long been suspected to hide significant water deposits, a potential resource for future
lunar outposts.
CRaTER's seminal measurements now provide quantified, radiation hazard data from
lunar orbit and can be used to calculate radiation dosage from deep space down to airline altitudes.
«This
crater and its recently - formed deposits will be a prime target of study for the team as Dawn continues to explore Ceres in its final mapping phase,» said Paul Schenk, a Dawn science team member at the
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.
Boulders, a
crater, moon dust and an overworked computer all stood in the way of humankind's first
lunar touchdown
Mexico's Chicxulub
crater, named for a tiny town nearby, looks strikingly similar to Schrödinger
crater on the moon's far side, shown here in a
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter gravity map.
Here radar waves from the
Lunar Radar Sounder reveal structures below the surface of a moon
crater called Poisson.
Dayton Jones and Thomas Kuiper, radio astronomers at JPL, have sketched a plan for deploying a rover to build a VLF radio telescope - essentially a huge network of wires acting as radio - wave receivers - in a
crater on the
lunar farside, where the moon's bulk blots out Earth's radio noise.
Or you could try a moon burial à la Eugene Shoemaker, codiscoverer of the Comet Shoemaker - Levy; Shoemaker's ashes were sent crashing into a moon
crater during the NASA
Lunar Prospector mission.
Equally enticing, some permanently shadowed
craters near the
lunar south pole seem to contain ice, which could provide water and air for the base.
Researchers discovered the pattern when the NASA rover stopped at a set of dunes in Gale
crater in late 2015 and early 2016, and they first reported the discovery in March at the
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
LRO's early results have already caused a stir: The Diviner
Lunar Radiometer Experiment sent back the first global temperature maps of the moon, revealing ultracold pockets in permanently shadowed portions of
craters near the south pole.
For example, he pointed to sun - shy
craters at the
lunar poles, where near - constant darkness has trapped and preserved water ice ripe for conversion into oxygen, water and rocket propellant.
And a mission to return a sample from the moon's largest impact
crater would have been some comfort to
lunar scientists still smarting from Obama's decision to redirect NASA's crewed space exploration from the moon to near - Earth asteroids.
I had picked a small but well - formed
crater just over the
lunar horizon to be «Anders», since it could not be seen from Earth and thus had not been named by early moon gazers.
The seismographs left on the moon's surface by the Apollo astronauts and the gravity measurements of the 1998
Lunar Prospector probe have provided enough data to explain why there are many more
craters on the moon's far side than on the near side.
The
cratered lunar surface breaks up the slender slice of light peeking through, resulting in a bumpy appearance.
The authors used data from
CRaTER on NASA's
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).
Lava flows three billion or four billion years ago, for instance, flooded
lunar plains and filled
craters there, whereas large impacts excavated vast amounts of
lunar material that fell to the surface, burying or obscuring nearby
craters.
The
crater catalogue roughly doubles the size of that produced in 1978 by Don Wilhelms of the U.S. Geological Survey and his colleagues using photographs from NASA's
Lunar Orbiter missions in the mid-1960s.
But it also overwrote parts of the
cratering record up to 500 kilometers away from the basin, reducing
crater counts over an area of roughly three million square kilometers, or about 8 percent of the
lunar surface.
Two weeks ago, Colaprete made a last - minute switch to target Cabeus after the sister mission to LCROSS, the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), began to find evidence of increased hydrogen within the
crater.
Laser altimetry data from NASA's
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have provided a comprehensive look at the
cratering history of the inner solar system
This spring, Buck Sharpton of the
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in Houston reported evidence that the Chicxulub
crater along the Yucatan coast has multiple rings and that its outer ring is nearly 300 kilometres across.
During the crucial moments at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, scientists and engineers with LCROSS (
Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) peered in silent concentration as successive images of the
crater grew larger on their screens.
In the final minutes of its plunge toward the moon, NASA's LCROSS spacecraft spotted the brief infrared flash of a rocket booster hitting the
lunar surface just ahead of it — and it even saw heat from the
crater formed by the impact.
Those results set the age boundary for the oldest terrains on Mercury to be contemporary with the so - called Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), a period of intense asteroid and comet impacts recorded in
lunar and asteroidal rocks and by the numerous
craters on the Moon, Earth, and Mars, as well as Mercury.
CRATER CRAZE Images captured by the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter from 2009 to 2015 revealed 222 new impact
craters (in yellow) on the moon.
«By comparing the measured
craters to the number and spatial distribution of large impact basins on Mercury, we found that they started to accumulate at about the same time, suggesting that the resetting of Mercury's surface was global and likely due to volcanism,» said lead author Dr. Simone Marchi, who has a joint appointment between two of NASA's
Lunar Science Institutes, one at the SwRI in Boulder and another at the
Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.
Theory says that a
lunar geologic unit should accumulate a certain number of
craters of a given size in a million years, for example.