The fact that ice sheets will respond to warming is not in doubt (note the 4 - 6
m sea level rise during the last interglacial), but the speed at which that might happen is highly uncertain, though the other story this week shows it is ongoing.
The fact that ice sheets will respond to warming is not in doubt (note the 4 - 6
m sea level rise during the last interglacial), but the speed at which that might happen is highly uncertain, though the other story this week shows it is ongoing.
Not exact matches
Science has discovered chariot wheels in the Red
Sea, sea level rises above trees during the period of the great flood, and skeletal remains of giants (though there is concerted effort to keep these under wraps as «hoaxes»
Sea,
sea level rises above trees during the period of the great flood, and skeletal remains of giants (though there is concerted effort to keep these under wraps as «hoaxes»
sea level rises above trees
during the period of the great flood, and skeletal remains of giants (though there
is concerted effort to keep these under wraps as «hoaxes»).
Not all flooded
during the 2012 storm, but climate change in the form of
rising sea levels is increasing the risk of future damage, and higher flood insurance bills.
Efforts to address
sea -
level rise in other parts of the Atlantic coast
were also discussed
during the event.
«
Sea level observations are telling us that during the past 100 years sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expan
Sea level observations
are telling us that
during the past 100 years
sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expan
sea level has
risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expands.
During this time, precipitation and meltwater seeped into the exposed shelf areas and filled water tables, which
were then covered up by the ocean as
sea levels rose again.
When the climate began to cool and
sea levels dropped, the atolls become exposed, only to
be flooded again
during the subsequent
rise.
The analysis, which used land elevation and tidal data, found that 460 acres, or about a sixth of Hallandale Beach, would
be below
sea level during high tide under a 3 - foot scenario of
rise, according to Nancy Gassman, a natural resources administrator for Broward County's Natural Resources Planning and Management Division who worked on the assessment.
DeConto and Pollard's study
was motivated by reconstructions of
sea level rise during past warm periods including the previous inter-glacial (around 125,000 years ago) and earlier warm intervals like the Pliocene (around 3 million years ago).
Ice melting occurs
during the summer when temperatures
rise above freezing in some places, depending on how high the ice
is above
sea level and how close it
is to a pole.
«By processing the historical archive acquired by the Danish
during the last century, they
were able to provide an estimation of the ice sheet contribution to
sea -
level rise since 1900, which
was critically missing in the last IPCC report,» noted Jeremie Mouginot, a climate scientist at the University of California, Irvine.
By offering support for the idea that the EAIS has
been largely stable
during the last 14 million years, the research offers some hope that a massive collapse of the ice sheet, and associated
sea level rise of tens of meters, may not
be imminent.
Severe coastal flooding
during storms in January and March of this year jolted Massachusetts residents and officials into an unwelcome awareness of just how vulnerable we
are to
rising sea levels.
Nieves said an example
is the U.S. West Coast, where the phase of a multi-decadal ocean climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation has helped keep
sea level rise lower
during the past two decades.
Gehrels and others (2008) comment that this
is «a significantly higher rate of
sea -
level rise during the 20th century as compared with preceding centuries.»
«
Sea level was rising slowly (0.3 ± 0.3 mm / yr) from AD 1500 to AD 1900, but
during the 20th century the rate increased to 2.8 ± 0.5 mm / yr, in agreement with instrumental measurements commencing in 1924.»
That estimate
was based in part on the fact that
sea level is now
rising 3.2 mm / yr (3.2
m / millennium)[57], an order of magnitude faster than the rate
during the prior several thousand years, with rapid change of ice sheet mass balance over the past few decades [23] and Greenland and Antarctica now losing mass at accelerating rates [23]--[24].
The scientists reported in a paper published Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they have greater than 95 percent certainty that at least half of more than 5 inches of
sea level rise they detected
during the 20th century
was directly caused by global warming.
While the record 13.9 foot storm tide in New York Harbor
during Superstorm Sandy
was primarily due to the coincidence of the strongest winds with high tide,
sea -
level rise driven by historical climate change added more than one foot to that total.
From the graph at the above site, it
's apparent that
sea level fell a bit
during the 2007 La Nina, but it
's clearly on
rise again.
The
rise in CO2 emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels from 1880 through the 1940's
was not sufficient to have played a major role in the considerable global temperature
rise that took place
during that period — so if we want to presume that
sea level rise is prompted by global temperature
rise (along with concomitant melting of glaciers, etc.) then we can't really attribute very much of the
rise in
sea levels during that period to CO2.
During Heinrich Events, there seems to have
been simultaneous ice surges in North America, Scandinavia and possibly Antarctica, which can
be explained if you accept that
sea level rise from one surge will cause the other ice sheets to surge as well.
There can
be no question about the fact that the rate of
sea -
level rise increases overall
during those 100 years.
Remember that there
was about 10 times the amount of ice on the Northern hemisphere
during the multimeter
sea level rise intervals of the deglaciation, so there
was a larger reservoir to work with.
# 39 Remember that there
was about 10 times the amount of ice on the Northern hemisphere
during the multimeter
sea level rise intervals of the deglaciation
We know that
during El Niño years
sea level rises in the eastern Pacific and falls in the western Pacific, whereas in La Niña years the opposite
is true.
For example, Hansen & Sato argued that since GAT
during the Eemian (last interglacial before the present)
was only slightly higher (less than 1 degree C) and
sea levels 4 - 6 meters higher, a 2 degree
rise in GAT in the near future will result flooding very quickly.
The conclusion that the Greenland ice sheet melting
was significantly enhanced by the increased N. Hemispheric insolation
during the Eemian affects projections of future (near term)
sea level rise insofar as Greenland melt contributed to the Eemian
sea level rise.
Since the volume of ice at risk under BAU
is within a factor of two of the volume of ice at risk
during a deglaciation under orbital forcing, while the forcing
is much more rapidly applied under BAU, looking at
sea level rise rates in the paleo - record might actually
be considered a search for lower limits on what to expect if reticence did not run so strongly in our approach.
This
is the first
sea -
level record from the southern hemisphere showing a significantly higher rate of
sea -
level rise during the 20th century as compared with preceding centuries.
«A relative
sea -
level fall (~ 30
m) immediately preceded the late Paleocene thermal maximum,
during which
sea -
level rose again by ~ 20
m.
This seems contrary to the apparent
rise in
sea level during the same time frame,
was it from Antarctica's & Greenland's fringe ice loss or from thermal expansion, or a misleading mix of both?
At the height of the last ice age,
sea levels were about 120 metres below present day
levels, and the average
rise of
sea level during the return to our present climate
was about 1 metre per one hundred years.
For example, the Ferry Building would
be temporarily flooded
during a 100 - year extreme tide today, but could
be flooded every day after 36 inches of
sea level rise.
Remember for a long time «pingos»
were surface land features — odd hills on the flat tundra, in areas that that had
been under the ice age ice, then had
been underwater as that ice melted and
sea level rose, then exposed again
during the next ice age.
There
is lots of evidence out there which suggests that rapid mluti - meter SLR does occur: High rates of
sea -
level rise during the last interglacial period http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n1/full/ngeo.2007.28.html
You have «What
is the likelihood that global average
sea level will
rise more
during this century than the current worst - case scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?»
This would have to
be reflected in a
sea level rise, but it
is not — rather
sea level has declined
during that period.
The bad news
is that if Greenland did not disappear
during the Eemian, Antarctica, including the more dynamically unstable West Antarctica, must
be responsible for a significant part of the 4 - to 8 - meter
sea level rise.
During recent years (1993 — 2003), for which the observing system
is much better, thermal expansion and melting of land ice each account for about half of the observed
sea level rise, although there
is some uncertainty in the estimates.
This decade - long satellite altimetry data set shows that since 1993,
sea level has
been rising at a rate of around 3 mm yr — 1, significantly higher than the average
during the previous half century.
Corell noted that the projected
rise in
sea level during this century of 18 — 59 centimeters (7 — 23 inches) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
was based on data that
were two years old.
Thus, the full magnitude of the observed
sea level rise during that period
was not satisfactorily explained by those data sets, as reported in the IPCC Third Assessment Report.
Senior scientists
are noting that the IPCC projections of
sea level rise during this century of 18 to 59 centimeters
are already obsolete and that a
rise of 2 meters
during this time
is within range.
Global
sea level rose by about 120
m during the several millennia that followed the end of the last ice age (approximately 21,000 years ago), and stabilised between 3,000 and 2,000 years ago.
As for
sea levels, they will
rise at a faster rate than what has
been experienced
during the past 40 years.
The authors noted, Antarctica
is projected to become almost ice - free with an average contribution to
sea -
level rise exceeding 3
m per century
during the first millennium.
It might
be worth emphasising that whether or not there has
been an acceleration of
sea level rise during recent decades, mean
sea level rise as such
is a long term fixture which
is unstoppable by any human agency and to which adaptation will perforce
be necessary.
Based on data from past climate changes, when
sea level rose to +5 — 9
m, including the occurrence of extreme storms —
during a time when temperatures
were less than 1 ◦ C warmer than today, experts warn of similar consequences in coming decades.