Sentences with phrase «macrophage proteins»

The peptide abundances of 244 macrophage proteins, or 24 percent of the total macrophages identified, changed significantly after infection.

By infecting susceptible mouse macrophages with S. Typhimurium and using global proteomics to analyze the proteins at various time points following infection, researchers identified 1,006 macrophage proteins.

STM can cause gastroenteritis in humans and a lethal infection in mice that lack a macrophage protein called Nramp1.

Not exact matches

These include lacto - peroxidase, lacto - ferrin, anti-microbial components of blood (leukocytes, B - macrophages, neutrophils, T - lymphocytes, immunoglobulins and antibodies), special carbohydrates (polysaccharides and oligosaccharides), special fats (medium chain fatty acids, phospholipids and spingolipids), complement enzymes, lysozyme, hormones, growth factors, mucins, fibronectin, glycomacropeptide, beneficial bacteria, bifidus factor and B12 - binding protein.

Although multi-functional, other proteins in human milk, including secretory IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme — and macrophages and free fatty acids — act as anti-infective agents, which are essential for the preterm infant.

Then they injected the mice with macrophages lacking a surface protein called TLR4.

The researchers found evidence that these proteins promote the growth of Francisella within macrophages, white blood cells that usually ingest and digest pathogens.

By analyzing chemical changes of the IRS - 2 protein in immortalized cultures of human white blood cells, it determined that IRS - 2 appeared in two different forms — «on,» which allows the signal to pass through, and «off,» which stops the signal from activating the cells into M2 macrophages.

Several of the viruses also release the gene for granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor (GM - CSF) an immune system protein.

Biologic therapy removes the protein molecules being secreted by the macrophages.

In earlier studies involving animal models and human cancer cell lines, researchers found that breast cancer spreads when three specific cells are in direct contact: an endothelial cell (a type of cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune cell found near blood vessels), and a tumor cell that produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer cell's ability to spread.

Sargramostim is a form of GM - CSF (granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor), a natural protein that spurs the growth of white blood cells in the immune system.

M1 and M2 macrophages each have protein receptors on their surfaces that let them receive signals from their surroundings.

Because all the itchy mice had a defective version of the E3 ligase, Copeland suspects that their ubiquitin systems fail to tag immune - related defense proteins or foreign substances called antigens for disposal — both of which then might pile up and attract too many helper macrophages to the scene, wreaking havoc with the immune response.

Using genome - wide approaches, they found that the Rev - Erb proteins repressed gene expression in macrophages primarily by binding to enhancers.

In the first, principal investigator Glass and colleagues investigated a pair of related transcriptional repressors called Rev - Erb - alpha and Rev - Erb - beta (proteins with important roles in regulating the circadian rhythm in many cell types) in mouse macrophages.

Antigen - presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, activate T cells by engaging protein receptors on the T cell surface.

These proteins most closely resembled those made by endothelial cells in the lymphatic system, not the proteins made by macrophages or other immune cells.

The investigators found that the helpful macrophages originate in the embryonic heart and harmful macrophages originate in the bone marrow and could be distinguished by whether they express a protein on their surface called CCR2.

They found that Kras proteins in the acinar cells induce the expression of a molecule, ICAM - 1, which attracts macrophages, a specific kind of immune cells.

The Listeria protein snippet apparently prompts the macrophage to obliterate the escaped protein once it's out of the vacuole but before it can get to the macrophage's outer membrane, suggests Patrick Berche, a microbiologist at the Necker Hospital in Paris.

In mice engineered so their macrophage cells would mimic those of people, expressing the human SIRPα protein, nanoparticles tagged with the CD47 peptide passports stuck around in the circulation rather than being gobbled up.

To further untangle what was going on, Chawla, his postdoc Yifu Qiu, and their colleagues used mice that lacked interleukin - 4 (IL - 4) and interleukin - 13, proteins that help activate macrophages.

Lavine and his colleagues asked whether a compound that inhibits the CCR2 protein would block the bone marrow's macrophages from entering the heart.

They also filled the tablet with GMC - SF (granulocyte macrophage colony - stimulating factor), an inflammatory protein known to attract immune cells.

With that in mind, the researchers thought that controlling this protein might revitalize macrophage - based cell therapies.

The Discher Lab has since shown that a protein on human cells called CD47 functions as a «marker of self» by interacting with a protein on the surface of macrophages called SIRPA.

Using mice deficient in Del - 1, they found that the protein promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoetic stem cells, sending more of these progenitor cells down a path toward becoming myeloid cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, rather than lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells.

Although Yersinia's molecular syringe for shooting up macrophages was discovered 4 years ago, scientists couldn't figure out how the bacteria knew what to load into it; the toxins, called Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), had no apparent amino acid signal for secretion.

The Discher lab has expertise with mimicking these protective mechanisms on healthy cells, but now they are targeting the proteins on macrophages that respond to those signals.

In this study, the researchers found that macrophages from mice lacking Smurf1 were unable to attach the death - tagging protein ubiquitin to intracellular bacteria, resulting in a failure of the autophagy pathway and runaway growth of the bacteria inside the cells.

Through studies conducted in mice, Oliver M. Steinmetz, MD (University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, in Germany) and his colleagues have shown that the messenger protein IL - 6, which is rapidly produced at high levels during an acute inflammatory form of kidney disease, potently dampens activation of tissue - destructive immune cells called macrophages.

The researchers next showed that the Smurf1 gene controls M. tuberculosis growth in human macrophages and that the Smurf1 protein was found in association with bacteria in the lungs of patients with tuberculosis infections.

«The protein Smurf1 functions in specialized white blood cells called macrophages in both mice and humans, thereby suggesting a conserved evolutionary pathway,» said Dr. Shiloh, co-senior author of the study along with Dr. Beth Levine, Director of the University's Center for Autophagy Research.

Astonishingly, sphingosine -1-phosphate is only released in the macrophages if — alongside with the binding of dimer - GR to the DNA — a pro-inflammatory signalling pathway is stimulated involving protein kinases p38 and MSK1.

Prior research has shown that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-- a protein that helps regulate immune and inflammatory reactions — is elevated in people with autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and colitis.

Lee and his colleagues believe that NK cells help to regulate insulin resistance by releasing signaling proteins that affect the behavior of macrophages, another kind of immune cells.

Thirty percent of the 100 most significantly correlated transcripts encoded proteins characteristically expressed by macrophages, such as the CSF - 1 receptor (τ statistic = 0.60, P = 4.5 × 10 — 5) and the CD68 antigen (τ statistic = 0.75, P = 2.9 × 10 — 7).

Dr Vince said that soon after infecting a macrophage, Legionella bacteria alter the composition of proteins within their host cell to prevent the host from detecting the infection.

«We were particularly interested that this drained the macrophage of a protein called MCL - 1, that helps to keep cells alive,» he said.

Stimulation of TLR2 / TLR6 triggers profound decreases in ferroportin mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow - derived macrophages, liver and spleen of mice without changing hepcidin expression.

Rotavirus - specific proteins are detected in murine macrophages in both intestinal and extraintestinal lymphoid tissue.

The strong relationship between adipose tissue macrophage content and indicators of adiposity provides a mechanism for the increased adipose tissue production of proinflammatory molecules and acute - phase proteins associated with obesity.

A large proportion of these transcripts encoded proteins characteristic of macrophages.

During this process, the high levels of glucose and lipids also activate multiple forms of a molecule called protein kinase C (PKC), which help these unhelpful macrophages to activate, survive and multiply, thus boosting inflammation.

A paper from cardiologist Aloke Finn and colleagues (published Wednesday, Aug. 5 in Nature Communications) describes how the protein CD163, produced by macrophages, puts the brakes on muscle repair after ischemic injury in mice.

Differential regulation of phagosome maturation in macrophages and dendritic cells mediated by Rho GTPases and ezrin — radixin — moesin (ERM) proteins.

Macrophages from lupus - prone MRL mice are characterized by abnormalities in Rho activity, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesiveness to extracellular matrix proteins.

When they increased the concentration of PU.1, however, the cells quickly passed through a transitory mixed lineage state and produced new regulatory proteins that activated macrophage genes and repressed neutrophil genes.

Next steps: Future studies will focus on investigation of 1) the biological functions of newly identified STM protein that is required for colonization of macrophages and 2) Nramp1 - affected pathways in STM cells.