Sentences with phrase «macrophages function»

This visual abstract represents the findings of Thevaranjan et al. who, using young and old germ - free and conventional mice, demonstrate that age - related microbiota changes drive intestinal permeability, age - associated inflammation, and decreased macrophage function.

«For instance, if you've got hepatitis B infection, then you're going to have impaired macrophage function in the liver, which is going to impair the ability of those cells to go on and respond to other viruses.

Neurogenetics of ageing: impact of DNA repair and macrophage function in Alzheimer disease Meryl Sønderby Lillenes

Not exact matches

We conclude that apolipoprotein E does not function to remove cholesterol from macrophages but rather to participate in «reverse cholesterol transport.»

The research team, Heller says, has already begun experiments to further explore the implications of these results, which include looking at differences in this pathway between cells taken from allergic and healthy individuals, and testing the efficacy of an inhalable drug that mimics the function of GRB1 and p70S6K to shut off the development of M2 macrophages in the lungs of mice.

This functions as an important brake, or off - switch, on the macrophage, cooling the heat of inflammation in a process never before described.»

While properties of macrophages have already been studied extensively, it remained unknown whether changing their metabolism would impact their functions.

Macrophages not only migrate to sites of infection and phagocytose pathogens, but also modulate immune system activity to ensure proper organ function and regeneration.

In some instances, however, the flu virus can prevent the macrophages from carrying out their protective function, allowing the epithelial cells to become vulnerable to infection.

GM - CSF is a cytokine that promotes the development and function of a group of gut resident macrophages and dendritic cells.

«These results represent a significant advance in our understanding of how commensal microbes can regulate host intestinal immune responses and suggest that the identification of downstream targets in macrophages and dendritic cells along the GM - CSF axis can help the rationale design of novel strategies for the treatment of IBD patients with defective GM - CSF function,» explained Dr. Merad.

Deletion of the GM - CSF gene in the mouse led to reduction and impaired regulatory function of gut tissue macrophages and dendritic cells which compromised induction of tolerance to food antigens and increased mice susceptibility to IBD.

Amastigotes with such compromised mitochondrial function were unable to multiply in mouse macrophages (i.e. mammalian Leishmania target cells), suggesting that inhibition of LMIT1 can abolish parasite virulence.

They will study human macrophages and dendritic cells isolated from IBD patients with defective GM - CSF function, «The approach represents a step forward in personalizing how we treat patients with IBD,» said Dr. Colombel.

The Discher Lab has since shown that a protein on human cells called CD47 functions as a «marker of self» by interacting with a protein on the surface of macrophages called SIRPA.

«The protein Smurf1 functions in specialized white blood cells called macrophages in both mice and humans, thereby suggesting a conserved evolutionary pathway,» said Dr. Shiloh, co-senior author of the study along with Dr. Beth Levine, Director of the University's Center for Autophagy Research.

By means of their mouse model, the hormone researchers from Ulm could prove that dexamethasone — mediated through the dimer function of GR — leads to the release of sphingosine -1-phosphate in the macrophages, a tissue hormone that fosters growth, migration and division of cells and has a stabilization effect on inner vessel walls.

In zero gravity, for instance, various immune system functions are impaired: Phagocytes known as macrophages, which kill and destroy invading bacteria, are no longer capable of protecting the person optimally from infections, which is why astronauts often suffer them.

As a consequence, the immune - regulatory factor interleukin - 10 was release, which led to a defect in the anti-bacterial functions of the macrophages and thus to a fatal course of infections.

Joseph Poole, M.D., Ph.D., of the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, and colleagues studied whether therapy with granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM - CSF), an agent that functions as a white blood cell growth factor, would improve walking performance in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (a form of vascular disease in which there is partial or total blockage of an artery, usually one leading to a leg or arm).

In a study published in Diabetes on February 6, researchers identified CST's role in the recruitment and function of macrophages in the liver as well as regulation of obesity - induced liver inflammation and insulin resistance.

The close relationship between adipocyte size and the abundance of macrophages in adipose tissue suggests that the influence of adipocyte size on adipocyte function may be conveyed through a paracrine pathway involving adipose tissue macrophages.

Adipose tissue depots contain macrophages and macrophage precursors, but their functions have not been delineated (62, 63).

It was also reported that PPARγ is expressed in cells of monocyte origin such as macrophages and that it modulates the function of these cells.

A motif found in numerous genes that are essential for the proper function of macrophages and B cells.

Resident macrophages from the same lineage, such as liver Kupffer cells, brain microglia, epidermal Langerhans cells, lung alveolar macrophages..., display tissue - specific phenotypes, perform tissue - specific functions and have distinct gene expression profiles.

We will combine methods from the fields of immunology, developmental biology and angiogenesis to understand in vivo the development and lineage - specific function (s) of resident macrophages, thereby opening new venues of research into the interaction between macrophages and endothelial cells in response to tissue damage.

Macrophage depletion alters the blood — nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury.

However, given that APOE plays key functions in peripheral immune cells that are very similar to microglia (eg, macrophages), it is surprising that the role of APOE in microglia is practically unexplored and remains largely unknown.

Moreover, there are yet other cell types — such as visceral adipose tissue macrophages and cytotoxic CD8 + T - cells — in which the age - related supernumerary accumulation of dysfunctional and apoptosis - resistant cells appears to play a highly deleterious role on tissue function, but where the cells are not «senescent» cells in the classical sense of p16Ink4a expression and the senescence - associated secretory profile observed in senescent fibroblasts.

Next steps: Future studies will focus on investigation of 1) the biological functions of newly identified STM protein that is required for colonization of macrophages and 2) Nramp1 - affected pathways in STM cells.

The role of these molecules in driving disease pathology might vary, with described activities of HVEM signaling promoting T cell expansion or survival, analogous to certain activities of OX40 and 4 - 1BB, and other activities of HVEM or LTβR increasing the function of diverse cells such as stromal cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, eosinophils, epithelial cells and keratinocytes.

Title: GATA - 2 regulates granulocyte - macrophage progenitor cell function Authors: Rodrigues NP, Boyd AS, Fugazza C, May GE, Guo Y, Tipping AJ, Scadden DT, Vyas P, Enver T Date: 2008 Publication Details: Blood December 15, 2008 vol.

After confirming the role of the macrophages in the function of the digestive tract, the researchers looked for how the regulation happens.

The B - cells have multiple immune functions, the main ones being antibody production, antigen presentation and regulation of the function and activity of other immune cells, i.e. T - regulatory cells, NK cells and macrophages [16].

Lethal toxin effects are best described for macrophages and DCs, where its interference in MAPK signaling leads to reduced antigen presenting cell function, resulting in reduced T cell responses [35].

Therefore the group studies with sophisticated imaging technology in vitro and ex vivo: i) the molecular mechanism driving the migration of HIV through the intestinal epithelial barrier; ii) the cellular targets in the mucosa, in specific macrophages and DCs, to identify the possible pathways to invade the tissue and disseminate to other organs; iii) the involvement of DCs and their functional properties in mediating adaptive immune responses at mucosal level; and iv) the role of antibodies with different effector functions in changing the pathways of the virus.

The diversity in functions demonstrated a global macrophage response to Salmonella infection.

The next step is to study the function of macrophages in salamanders and compare them with their human and mouse counterparts.

The researchers showed that this protein buildup inside macrophages results from problems with the waste - disposal functions of the cell.

91 Normal functioning of adipose tissue is often (but not exclusively) impaired in obesity 91 and can be characterized by excessive hypertrophic adipocyte growth, elevated macrophage infiltration, hypoxia and dysregulated lipid storage.92

Its properties can protect the body from infections by stimulating antibody activity, which include B cells, T - cell function and macrophages (all important to fighting viruses and bacteria).

Growth or function of different types of immune cells, like macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells is impaired by zinc deficiency.

It has long been known that antibiotics suppress various immune functions, and especially macrophage activities such as chemiluminescence response, chemotactic motility, bactericidal and cytostatic ability and similar negative effects have also been seen with other commonly used drugs such as H2 - blockers, proton inhibitors and surface - protection agents.

Severe zinc deficiency depresses immune function [48], and even mild to moderate degrees of zinc deficiency can impair macrophage and neutrophil functions, natural killer cell activity, and complement activity [49].

Stimulates T - cell, macrophage, and lymphokine activity for enhanced immune system functioning.

All of these constituents have shown to upregulate the intelligence and the function of all immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and natural killer cells).

The immune system is made up of a team of different types of cells that, while each having their own specific function, work together to protect the body from foreign invaders: B - cells produce antibodies; T - cells conduct surveillance for potentially dangerous molecules and kills dangerous cells such as disease - causing bacteria; and macrophages are the scavenger cells of your body acting like garbage trucks, cleaning up residue and removing potentially dangerous substances.

Macrophage colony - stimulating factor (M - CSF) is reported to enhance a variety of functions of mature monocyte / macrophages in vitro.

Most organs also contain muscle tissue and special cells (histiocytes or macrophages) whose function is to clear debris.