Sentences with phrase «macroscopic state»

1 / In equilibrium, macroscopic state variables do not vary with time.

As the system is supposed to be non-reproducible, only statistics of macroscopic state variables are comparable, of course, but with enough runs that can be made to converge to an arbitrary degree, provided the model is «correct».

Not exact matches

Currently most of the scienctific community would state that quantum fluctuations can not influnce the macroscopic world.

Present states or movements in the inorganic arena appear to us to be determined totally by the history of past commotion in the macroscopic order as described by classical physics.

A phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i.e. density, crystal structure, index of refraction, and so forth).

Solid state physicists have previously described the microscopic theory of superconductivity — by relating superconductivity to the macroscopic occurrence of pairs of electrons bound into so - called Cooper pairs.

Decoherence is thought to be a major obstacle in using macroscopic quantum states for quantum computing applications.

For example, she says, they might try to put the resonator into a Schrödinger cat state, in which it would contain a macroscopic sound wave, comprising many vibrational quanta, and at the same time be devoid of vibrations.

Statistical mechanics was developed to study solids, gasses and liquids at macroscopic scales, but is now used to describe a variety of complex states of matter, from magnetism to superconductivity.

The consistency of this interpretation relies on the macroscopic size of the pointer and on the properties of the final states associated with sub-ensembles.

Some theorists have suggested that gravity plays a special role in squashing quantum states among macroscopic objects.

We report the generation and observation of coherent temporal oscillations between the macroscopic quantum states of a Josephson tunnel junction by applying microwaves with frequencies close to the level separation.

Under such supercooled conditions, a large fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale.

One strategy she uses is to cool the macroscopic components of the device (i.e., the mirrors) into a coherent quantum state; such components, large enough to see without magnification, exhibit bizarre quantum properties previously observed only at the atomic level.

His group has research activities in fundamental optical and magnetic interactions in semiconductor quantum structures, spin dynamics and coherence in condensed matter systems, macroscopic quantum phenomena in nanometer - scale magnets, and implementations of quantum information processing in the solid state.

Note that, Ilya Prigogine (2002), commenting about bifurcation points in chemical reactions, states that «they demonstrate that even in our macroscopic level prediction of the future mix determinism and probability.

In a system such as the climate, we can never include enough variables to describe the actual system on all relevant length scales (e.g. the butterfly effect — MICROSCOPIC perturbations grow exponentially in time to drive the system to completely different states over macroscopic time) so the best that we can often do is model it as a complex nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations with stochastic noise terms — a generalized Langevin equation or generalized Master equation, as it were — and average behaviors over what one hopes is a spanning set of butterfly - wing perturbations to assess whether or not the resulting system trajectories fill the available phase space uniformly or perhaps are restricted or constrained in some way.

They do come to the same conclusion; they quite clearly show — and state — that, for any macroscopic system, canonic or microcanonic — the sort of system we are actually interested in here — the result is isothermal, as it should be.

This is a pretty serious picking of nits — thermo textbooks regularly state that there is «no heat flow» between reservoirs in thermal equilibrium because there is no net macroscopic flow of heat between the two reservoirs, for the simple reason that thermodynamics averages over molecular (or in the case of radiation, single photon) scale local fluctuations.

The simplicity I am referring to here is «emergent», roughly analogous to that of a macroscopic equation of state that emerges, in the thermodynamic limit, from exceedingly complex molecular dynamics.