Sentences with phrase «made aerosol»

Improved empirical data can define climate sensitivity much more precisely, provided that climate - induced aerosol changes are included in the category of fast feedbacks (human - made aerosol changes are a climate forcing).

Scientists believe that the combination of growing quantities of man - made aerosol particles in the atmosphere and more moisture have caused the cloud cover to thicken.

Man - made aerosol emissions don't last nearly so long.

Overall, improving our understanding of one of the largest natural aerosol sources is critical if we are to understand the effects of human - made aerosols on climate,» says Matt Salter.

Another study, published last year in Reviews of Geophysics, lists the man - made aerosols as coming from sulfates, nitrate and black carbon emitted by internal combustion engines, coal - fired power plants, slash - and - burn agricultural practices, and smoke from cooking.

Chemicals typically used to make aerosols — propane, dimethyl ether, volatile hydrocarbons and alcohol are all flammable, but alcohol usually evaporates quickly, decreasing fire risk.

And we now have a gloomier picture of the extent to which smogs and other human - made aerosols in the atmosphere shade us from the worst of global warming.

To the contrary, as there is an inverse correlation between low cloud cover and solar irradiation, and solar / volcanic have influences in the stratosphere, non-excisting for CO2 or human made aerosols.

Our assumption of unchanging human - made aerosols could be substantially off in either direction.

If we have had 1C of warming (giss) since pre-industrial and human made aerosols are masking between 0.5 and 1.1 (Samset et al) and there is warming «in the pipeline» as well — has the possibility of a 1.5 C target already passed?

Perhaps the thresholds for a CRF - cloud correlation was higher then than it has been for the past 40 years (one might imagine that in periods where the air is rather clear of man made aerosols, the threshold for CRF effects on cloud formation become higher... and so on).

They will have a serious impact and will delay advances in understanding carbon dioxide sources and sinks (OCO), natural and man - made aerosols (Glory), and solar climate forcing (Glory).

The observed temperature evolution can of course only be the result of all forcing factors combined (including solar variability, volcanic eruptions, and man - made aerosols)-- not CO2 alone.

Skies polluted by volcanic ash scatter sunlight more, making sunsets show more red; similar results are seen with dust or man - made aerosols.

That would make aerosols, and not CO2, the main driver of the climate, would it not?

Researchers say levels of human - made aerosols are expected to decline during the 21st century as countries begin adopting cleaner methods of power generation.

Because volcanic aerosols can reach the stratosphere, they hang around much longer than man - made aerosols.

The fact that agricultural emissions must combine with other pollutants to make aerosols «is good news,» said Bauer.

making the aerosol sampler and the data sheets are included.

Both the instructions for... (View More) making the aerosol sampler and the data sheets are included.

As for man - made aerosols, 2 facts aid the interpretation of the limits of aerosol change in the 1910 to 1945 period.

New paper finds changes in cloud cover caused global brightening & dimming, not man - made aerosols

This is an old story: Rasool and (Steve) Schneider published a paper in Science on that day noting that if human - made aerosols (small particles in the air) increased by a factor of four, other things being equal, they could cause massive global cooling.

As there is very little room to include any negative contribution from man - made aerosols, this necessarily implies that the positive climate forcing contribution from anthro GHGs has been minimal, which brings into question the «urgency» of climate mitigation measures.

The situation we have here is that the cooling effect of man - made aerosols has declined appreciably [since 1951] as CO2 emissions and other GHGs have increased, so we would expect even greater warming, which hasn't happened.

Ruddiman [127] suggests that deforestation and agricultural activities affected CO2 and CH4 in the Holocene, and Hansen et al. [91] argue that human - made aerosols were probably important.

We refer to the direct and indirect effects of human - made aerosols.

One reason for the disproportionate influence of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly as it pertains to the impact of aerosols, is that most man - made aerosols are released from the more industrialized regions north of the equator.

Second, the uncertainties in these forcings (man - made aerosols, solar, land use change, volcanoes,...) are far too big.

That may well include increased or decreased natural dust (for natural or unnatural reasons), and definately volcanic aerosols (note that this factor was increasingly negative in the 40's to 60's) along with man - made aerosols.

The bicentennial trend lines clearly diverge from the past 30 or 50 or hundred years, and the most closely fitting explanation for this behavior is anthropogenic causes shifting the trends leaving only a shadow of natural variability superimposed on the sharp centennial scale rise, at about an order of magnitude smaller amplitude than the changes associated with GHGs and dampened by man - made aerosols.

Not exact matches

On the other hand, passengers and their luggage are screened head to toe, shoeless, belt-less, X-rayed and patted down for everything from aerosol spray to contact solution, so it doesn't seem like asking too much to make sure no scorpions enter the flight.

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● Each 375 ML aerosol - dispensed can efficiently makes approximately 26 1oz shots of Cream.

The aerosol can makes it easy to clean your gun with just a quick spray.

If that SO2 makes it to the stratosphere — the middle layer of the atmosphere 10 kilometers up — it forms droplets of diluted sulfuric acid, known as aerosols.

Climate change is likely to influence rainfall patterns in the Sierra Nevada as well as the amount of dust that makes its way into the atmosphere, so the hope is that a better understanding of how aerosols affect precipitation will help water managers in the future.

«Basically, we were able to show that dust and biological aerosols that were lofted from deserts all the way across the world in the Sahara and Asia were airlifted all the way across the world to make ice crystals in clouds in the western United States,» Creamean said.

Although the ions are not the most numerous constituents in the atmosphere the electro - magnetic interactions between ions and aerosols compensate for the scarcity and make fusion between ions and aerosols much more likely.

Aerosols can also have big effects on clouds, for instance making them brighter so that they reflect more sunlight back into space.

Carbonaceous PM is made up of black carbon, primary organic aerosol (POA) and, especially, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is known to contain harmful reactive oxygen species and can damage lung tissue.

The aerosols create additional seeds around which water vapor can condense, boosting the number of cloud droplets and making the cloud more reflective.

By absorbing heat, aerosols can evaporate nearby cloud droplets — making the cloud less reflective and compounding the heating effect.

Their stickiness makes it hard to get them through an inlet into a measuring device, but these compounds may play a significant role in the formation and alteration of aerosols, tiny airborne particles that can contribute to smog or to the nucleation of raindrops or ice crystals, affecting the Earth's climate.

Researchers with the U.K. mission, called CLARIFY (Cloud - Aerosol - Radiation Interactions and Forcing for Year 2016), initially looked at relocating its research aircraft to Ascension Island, but they couldn't make the switch work logistically.

Water vapor condenses around aerosols in the atmosphere, creating droplets that make up clouds.

Unfortunately, current simulation models, which combine global climate models with aerosol transport models, consistently underestimate the amount of these aerosols in the Arctic compared to actual measurements during the spring and winter seasons, making it difficult to accurately assess the impact of these substances on the climate.

Further generations of even more powerful computers will allow us to run simulations that may be able to make even more realistic simulations and help us to understand the mechanism through which these aerosols are transported.»

The researchers want to track the movement of the aerosols and their vertical distribution in the air and attempt to make a two - day «aerosol forecast.»

Schneider coauthored a 1971 article in the journal Science about atmospheric aerosols — floating particles of soil dust, volcanic ash, and human - made pollutants.