In people with severe eye disease, transplants
made from embryonic stem cells (in region of black dotted circle) appear safe, and became larger and more pigmented over time (right).
Not exact matches
Scientists looking for new methods to
make human tissue have successfully used cloning technology to create
embryonic stem cells from skin
cells.
A pluripotent state
makes the resulting
cells indistinguishable
from embryonic stem cells, and the scientists got these
cells without creating or destroying any embryos.
For example, ten or twenty years
from now, the physician's tools may include
embryonic stem cells or products obtained
from cloned embryos and fetuses gestated for that purpose,
making physicians who provide such treatments complicit in the life destruction required to obtain the modalities.
Trials of
cells made from human
embryonic stem cells are also poised to begin in people with type 1 diabetes and heart failure, the first time
embryonic stem cells have been used in the treatment of major lethal diseases.
But the factor that may
make the discovery very significant is that umbilical cord blood can be saved, stored and multiplied without any of the ethical dilemmas facing
embryonic stem cell use, which are derived
from human fetuses.
«We're now developing a new bioreactor to
make considerably more, which means we can
make thousands and thousands more
stem cells than are available
from embryonic sources,» says McGuckin.
The act of reprogramming
cells to
make them as capable as ones
from embryos apparently can result in aberrant
cells that age and die abnormally, suggesting there is a long way to go to prove such
cells are really like
embryonic stem cells and can find use in therapies.
ERRORS have occurred in a type of
stem cell that could be used instead of
embryonic stem cells — and in tissues
made from them.
The patch is
made of eye
cells made from human
embryonic stem cells, and it has been designed for treating the «dry» form of macular degeneration, which accounts for 90 per cent of all cases, and affects 1.7 million people in the US.
Twelve people with Stargardt's macular dystrophy will be treated with retinal
cells made from human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in the hope of improving, or at least halting loss of sight.
Researchers already envision transplanting ready -
made embryonic stem cells back into people, providing cures for a huge range of diseases,
from diabetes to paralysis to Alzheimer's.
Because burgeoning teeth depend on information
from the budding
embryonic jaw, work toward generating replacement teeth
from dental
stem cells focuses on growing them in the desired location in the recipient's mouth — but scientists are not yet sure the adult jaw can provide the necessary signals to shape
made - to - order teeth.
«Use of induced pluripotent
stem cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking skin
cells from patients and reprogramming them into
embryonic - like
stem cells capable of turning into other specific
cell types relevant for studying a particular disease — «
makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie of KU Leuven.
In 2004 Blackburn and ethicist William F. May
made headlines when the Bush administration ousted them
from the President's Council on Bioethics for their strong public support of human
embryonic stem cell research.
Pluripotent
stem cells include
embryonic stem cells, which are derived
from early embryos, and induced pluripotent
stem cells, which are
made by reprogramming
cells taken
from adult tissues such as skin.
The patch consists of eye
cells made from human
embryonic stem cells.
Instead the team is working with induced pluripotent
stem cells,
cells that have been reprogrammed to behave like
embryonic stem cells, but can be
made from a small sample of the intended recipient's own skin.
The debate might eventually be a moot point, as researchers continue to
make convincing headway with induced pluripotent
cells, which seem to have all the properties of
embryonic stem cells but which are created
from adult
cells.
The researchers took skin
cells from the tails of sickle
cell mice and inserted copies of four genes that
made the
cells take on the characteristics of
embryonic stem cells.
to
make a in vitro phenotypic analysis of the
cells from the differentiation of these
embryonic stem cells
Figure 1: The blastocyst is a hollow sphere
made of approximately 150
cells and contains three distinct areas: the trophoblast, which is the surrounding outer layer that contains the trophoblast
stem cells and later becomes the placenta, the blastocoel, which is a fluid - filled cavity within the blastocyst, and the inner
cell mass, also known as the embryoblast, which can become the embryo proper, or fetus, and is where human
embryonic stem cells are isolated
from.
Researchers at UCLA treat the first patients in the second FDA - approved study evaluating a therapy
made from human
embryonic stem cells.
The company had initially submitted its request to begin human trials with its RPE
cells in November 2009, but has spent the past year addressing the FDA's concerns about the safety of the
embryonic stem from which the RPE
cells are
made.
Recently, his lab used induced pluripotent
stem (iPS)
cells — adult
cells made to act like
embryonic stem cells —
made from skin
cells of patients carrying apoE4, or other mutations related to Alzheimer's, to study their effects on the development, survival, and degeneration of human neurons.
University of Wisconsin scientist, James A. Thomson, who first derived ESCs
from embryos, has said «if human
embryonic stem cell research does not
make you at least a little bit uncomfortable, you have not thought about it enough.»
For instance, MEF
cells are usually
made of fibroblasts
from the mouse embryos at
embryonic day 13.5 and only
cells at early passages (p2 to p3) are used as feeders for derivation and culture of
embryonic stem (ES) and iPS
cells.
For the first time, an experimental treatment
made from human
embryonic stem cells has shown evidence of helping someone, partially restoring sight to two people suffering
from slowly progressing forms of blindness
InvivoSciences
makes engineered heart tissues
from mouse
embryonic stem cells and
stem cells from differentiated adult tissues in humans, such as fat and skin.
UC Irvine researchers have discovered a dramatically improved method for genetically manipulating human
embryonic stem cells,
making it easier for scientists to study and potentially treat thousands of disorders ranging
from Huntington's disease to muscular dystrophy and diabetes.