Sentences with phrase «magnitude estimate for»

An order of magnitude estimate for the risk adjusted cost for renewables is 10x the AETA's LCOE estimate.

An order - of - magnitude estimate for capture and storage is something like $ 100 a ton.

Not exact matches

The proportion of energy lost is an order - of - magnitude smaller than the 5 % estimated for the main VT - deformation trend during the 1982 — 1984 episode of major uplift (see the section «Regimes of deformation in Campi Flegrei» in the main text).

For instance, the magnitude of government financial support for the public sector bank currently being restructured Banco de Poupança e Crédito (BPC) is estimated at around 1.5 % of GFor instance, the magnitude of government financial support for the public sector bank currently being restructured Banco de Poupança e Crédito (BPC) is estimated at around 1.5 % of Gfor the public sector bank currently being restructured Banco de Poupança e Crédito (BPC) is estimated at around 1.5 % of GDP.

Estimates for longer - term rebuilding costs will take weeks or month to prepare, but the magnitude of the disaster could rival or exceed the damage from Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which cost taxpayers $ 110 billion.

Wirth simulated a magnitude - 9.0 earthquake, about the middle of the range of estimates for the magnitude of the 1700 earthquake.

Estimating magnitude for larger quakes also takes more time, because the rupture of the fault lasts perhaps several seconds longer — a significant chunk of time when it comes to EEW.

Then, they calculated how quickly an EEW could estimate whether the quake would exceed that minimum magnitude to qualify for an alert.

These estimates are orders of magnitude higher than those for the so - called general population in Britain, but comparable with figures for certain other groups at high risk of infection, such as gay men attending clinics for sexually transmitted disease.

The earthquake — estimated at magnitude 9.0 on the Richter scale — occurred in a total area much smaller than previous large earthquakes, such as the 8.8 Chilean earthquake last year, arguing that the slippage was much greater for the Japan quake, one of the four most powerful earthquakes on record.

The least one ought to be able to expect in a book by a statistician is (a) clear specification of what is being depicted by the numbers that are presented and (b) appropriate indication of the magnitudes of uncertainties (as reflected, for example, in the range of respectable estimates of a quantity of interest).

This factor is estimated from the counts of faint stars in the CoRoT fields (Fig. 7 in Deleuil et al. 2009), comparing them at the dominant magnitude for both contaminants in CoRoT and the sample analyzed by Brown.

Dividing the estimated number of stars by the relatively short time period available gives a ridiculously high rate of star formation, which is orders of magnitude greater than that estimate for our Milky Way Galaxy.

As usual for planetary nebulae, M76's visual magnitude is much brighter (9.6 according to Don Machholz» personal estimate, 10.1 according to Hynes; the present author thinks this is close to his own perception) than photographically (most sources agree on 12.2 mag photographically).

Amateur astronomers may contribute more observations, but the asteroid will be very difficult for backyard astronomers to see, as current estimates are that it will reach a visual magnitude of only about 17 at its brightest, and it will be moving very fast across the sky.

Modified from Table 3 in Newhall, CG, and S Self, 1982, The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): An estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism: Journal of Geophysical Research87, 1231 - 1238.

The early warning module, called G - FAST, uses ground motion data measured by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to estimate the magnitude and epicenter for large earthquakes — those magnitude 8 and greater.

Sanes and Lichtman estimate that Brainbow's colorful labeling has decreased the mapping time for a given section of brain by at least an order of magnitude.

For example, scientists estimate that within 50 years, there is an 84 % chance of a magnitude 6.5 (M6.5) or higher earthquake in the Puget Sound region.

To compare our results with the published data and estimate the magnitude of the association between fiber and elevated CRP, we used logistic regression models to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs for the probability of having an elevated CRP (21).

For male teachers with fewer than three years of experience, the estimated change in the probability of switching districts for a 10 percent increase in salary is 2.6 percentage points; for men with three to five years of experience, the estimated change for a salary increase of the same magnitude is 3.4 percentage points; for still more experienced male teachers, financial effects trail off, down to essentially zero for those with more than 20 years of experienFor male teachers with fewer than three years of experience, the estimated change in the probability of switching districts for a 10 percent increase in salary is 2.6 percentage points; for men with three to five years of experience, the estimated change for a salary increase of the same magnitude is 3.4 percentage points; for still more experienced male teachers, financial effects trail off, down to essentially zero for those with more than 20 years of experienfor a 10 percent increase in salary is 2.6 percentage points; for men with three to five years of experience, the estimated change for a salary increase of the same magnitude is 3.4 percentage points; for still more experienced male teachers, financial effects trail off, down to essentially zero for those with more than 20 years of experienfor men with three to five years of experience, the estimated change for a salary increase of the same magnitude is 3.4 percentage points; for still more experienced male teachers, financial effects trail off, down to essentially zero for those with more than 20 years of experienfor a salary increase of the same magnitude is 3.4 percentage points; for still more experienced male teachers, financial effects trail off, down to essentially zero for those with more than 20 years of experienfor still more experienced male teachers, financial effects trail off, down to essentially zero for those with more than 20 years of experienfor those with more than 20 years of experience.

The estimated effect of charter school attendance for each of our measures is very small in magnitude; none is statistically significant.

For a better sense of the magnitude of these estimates, consider a student who begins the year at the 50th percentile and is assigned to a top - quartile teacher as measured by the Overall Classroom Practices score; by the end of the school year, that student, on average, will score about three percentile points higher in reading and about two points higher in math than a peer who began the year at the same achievement level but was assigned to a bottom - quartile teacher.

Schochet and Chaing (2010), for instance, use simulations to assess the potential that value - added estimates would lead to false positives and false negatives, and how the magnitude of error varies based on the quantity of prior information available.

As best I can tell, the Howey model of author earnings is at best quick, back - of - the - envelope calculation, which is at best useful for an order of magnitude estimate.

If you mean that Amazon is only 30 % of the ebook market, I'd like to see your figures, because not only is that lowest figure I've ever seen floated in the past four years, this data is the first time self - published ebooks have been really accounted for and it suggests that any estimates we're getting to date could be off by an order of magnitude.

The CBO revised its estimates by a similar magnitude for a related change to PSLF proposed by the Obama administration.

So, at the low end, your cost estimates are 30 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 900 times off (3 orders of magnitude) just for live database storage, and 3500 times off for backup costs.

Estimates of the same magnitude for ED major gene variance were obtained from both the original and shuffled data sets in the three breeds, excluding the Rottweiler.

At best, it's estimated that ANWR could provide us with 1.45 million barrels a day (for now, let's forget the Gulf of Mexico, since that would take until at least 2030 to kick in, and that time span surpasses our attention span by hundreds of orders of magnitude).

Are there other methods for estimating the magnitude of the effect?

Modified from Table 3 in Newhall, CG, and S Self, 1982, The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): An estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism: Journal of Geophysical Research87, 1231 - 1238.

Significantly, however, the interval of peak magnitude for carbon isotopes precedes that of sulfur isotopes with an estimated offset of a few hundred thousand years.

Other ways that the standard or «consensus» calculations bias the climate sensitivity upward also exist and are also not negligible (or at least there is no scientific case that they are negligible), but for now it is sufficient to think about, and try to estimate, the magnitude of the increase in H2O and latent heat flow from surface to upper troposphere.

For instance, I estimate that we still need to be adding about an order of magnitude more renewable energy each year than we are currently doing in order to put ourselves somewhere close to «on track» to avoid the 2 C buffer.

Some of them are optimal fingerprint detection studies (estimating the magnitude of fingerprints for different external forcing factors in observations, and determining how likely such patterns could have occurred in observations by chance, and how likely they could be confused with climate response to other influences, using a statistically optimal metric), some of them use simpler methods, such as comparisons between data and climate model simulations with and without greenhouse gas increases / anthropogenic forcing, and some are even based only on observations.

(Paper abstract) Climate models may underestimate heat stored in ground General circulation models (GCMs), the primary tool for estimating the magnitude of future climate change, rely on realistic inputs to generate accurate predictions.

For a rough estimate, downwelling water to the deep ocean in convection zones is about 40 Sv (10 ^ 6 m3 / s), assuming that comes in with say 2 deg C, and leaves (through upwelling, isopycnal and diapycnal diffusion), that is a heat flux of 320 TW, thus at least an order of magnitude larger than the geothermal fluxes.

If, for example, we were to create a piece-wise continuous trend keeping your own trend, we'd find the 0.17 C decadal warming trend from your starting point preceded by an estimated warming of equal magnitude in the combined 125 prior years (beginning at a time where only 1/4 of the present day coverage existed, thus placing the entire 125 year warming more or less within the margin of statistical insignificance).

EOR provides the best target customer: the approximately 100M tonnes of CO2 consumed in EOR globally is likely a full order of magnitude greater than all of the other CO2 consumed for other purposes worldwide (though it is difficult to get a precise estimate of total global CO2 consumption by end use...).

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

The estimates of the magnitude for aerosol are pegged by these sorts of measurements They aren't just picked to make GCM's predict better values.

(The «I think» was because I was hoping to extricate myself from CE for a while to finish off a paper explaining why climate sensitivity as currently defined can neither be measured nor estimated with an error bar less than 1 C per doubling, and proposing a different definition that shrinks the error bar by an order of magnitude.

Their estimates, however, for the increases in nitrate and ammonium associated with a Younger Dryas — size comet are orders of magnitude larger than observed in the Summit Greenland ice core records; the Younger Dryas nitrate and ammonium increases are at most just half of the Tunguska increase.

Toggweiler for example estimates that the opening of the Drake Passage improve the rate of ocean mixing enough to produce roughly a 4 C magnitude «abrupt» change in «global» surface temperature.

The planet isn't literally at steady state, but for the purposes of estimating the magnitude of the impact of GHG's, I don't have any particular objections to assuming the climate is steady.

Anyway, I assumed your quibble was with the issue about assuming the earth's climate is at steady state for the purposes of estimating the magnitude of the greenhouse effect, and that your photosynthesis exampled related to the issue of steady state.

Moreover, as if discovering methane emissions from the deep seas of the Arctic isn't already of major concern, a recent study discovered immense amounts of methane locked under Antarctic ice: «They... calculated that the potential amount of methane hydrate and free methane gas beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet could be up to 4 billion metric tons, a similar order of magnitude to some estimates made for Arctic permafrost.

We can at best estimate that natural variability is an order of magnitude or two smaller than the GHE for climate timescales, which is good enough, since our precision on temperatures on climate timescales barely has enough significant digits to be affected by a two order of magnitude lower effect.

For a Gaussian time series, the margin of error on a trend of length N t estimated by linear least - squares regression is a function of the magnitude of the interannual variability (given by the standard deviation σ), the lag - one autocorrelation and the trend length (Thompson et al. 2015).