Sentences with phrase «magnitude increase over»

As the gap and transition temperature in our heterostructure reflect almost an order of magnitude increase over previous work, we believe ours is a better system to search for Majorana zero modes.»

Not exact matches

It is up to parents to make sure that the helmet their child wears fits properly, maintains that fit over the course of a season, and has been properly reconditioned, and, if the football program does not buy impact sensors for the whole team, to consider buying one on their own, weighing the benefits of knowing the magnitude and frequency of the hits that their child is taking to the head against the risk that adding a two - ounce piece of plastic to the inside or outside of their helmet may void the manufacturer's warranty and NOCSAE certification or increase the risk that the protection the helmet's polycarbonate shell provides against skull fractures will be compromised;

«The early 20th century got a lot of flooding,» but only 25 percent of the increase in flood magnitude over the past century can be explained by those climate patterns, Munoz says.

Work by researchers from Taiwan and China found that the increase in rainfall intensity over the past three decades has been an entire order of magnitude greater...

If it is true, as some studies suggest for example, that El Nino events become more frequent and greater in magnitude due to anthropogenic forcing (this is not yet a settled issue), then, given the established relationship between the El Nino / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the extratropical Pacific / North American atmospheric circulation, we might expect increased baroclinicity and greater storminess over a substantial region of the mid-latitude North Pacific ocean and neighboring western U.S..

From what I have read, funding for climate research has increased by an order of magnitude since the hysteria over global warming began.

Analysis of simple models and intercomparisons of AOGCM responses to idealised forcing scenarios suggest that, for most scenarios over the coming decades, errors in large - scale temperature projections are likely to increase in proportion to the magnitude of the overall response.

The speed and magnitude of climate change may mean that increased forest mortality and contractions in forest distributions will outpace any gains in forest growth and productivity over the long run, leading to a net loss of forested area in Montana.

The magnitude of these types of changes is expected to increase along with temperatures over this century.

The RV survey speed can be increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude over that for the echelles.

The fact that the risk elevation was apparent directly after cancer diagnosis, and decreased in magnitude over time, supports the conclusion that the risk increase may be traced to the diagnosis itself rather than the emotional or physical suffering related to progression of the cancer or to its treatment.

The estimated increase of observed global ocean heat content (over the depth range from 0 to 3000 meters) between the 1950s and 1990s is at least one order of magnitude larger than the increase in heat content of any other component.

Summer insolation decreased by 0.33 W m — 2 at 45 ° N over the millennium, winter insolation increased by 0.83 W m — 2 (Goosse et al., 2005a)(Errata), and the magnitude of the mean seasonal cycle of insolation in the NH decreased by 0.4 W m — 2.

Despite the magnitude of this rise, no islands have been lost, the majority have enlarged, and there has been a 7.3 % increase in net island area over the past century (A.D. 1897 — 2013).»

The results obtained (Table 1, Figures 2, 4) show the definite priority of the novel «rainbow» mechanism over the standard excitation of a single plasmon resonance: the lifetime and brightness of rainbow PNBs increased by almost one order of magnitude compared with the identical excitation of the mono - NP clusters.

Importantly, the magnitude of this «emotional memory trade - off effect» increases over a period of sleep (Payne et al., 2008; Payne & Kensinger, 2011), demonstrating that this phenomenon is not simply the product of attentional factors during encoding, but to active processes unfolding during sleep (Bennion et al., 2015).

The magnitude of hunger did however not change during the intervention period as repeated measurements were taken, and feelings of fullness actually increased some over time.

It is difficult to quantify the extent of cyberhate and its change over time; however, there seems to be agreement among experts (PDF) that the problem is increasing in magnitude.

The magnitude of this negative effect is increasing over time.

Analysis of simple models and intercomparisons of AOGCM responses to idealised forcing scenarios suggest that, for most scenarios over the coming decades, errors in large - scale temperature projections are likely to increase in proportion to the magnitude of the overall response.

Moreover, greenhouse gas concentration increases of the magnitude observed over the past two centuries have in the past occured only taken place on timescales of millions of years.

«Global Dimming» is increasing in magnitude all over the globe as the ongoing aerosol assault continues.

Our increased understanding of trend uncertainty aloft means that we can no longer dismiss warming aloft of similar or greater magnitude than at the surface over the satellite record.

Snowfall varies across the region, comprising less than 10 % of total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north, with as much as two inches of water available in the snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.

All the studies of TSI that I have read show that it has not increased sufficiently to cause the magnitude of warming and sea level rise that we have seen over the last at least 30 years, which is why most climatologists discount 1.

The forced component of SAT trends shows warming everywhere, with magnitudes of 1 — 2 °C over Europe, northern Africa, Greenland and the eastern U.S., and slightly larger warming (2 — 3 °C) over Russia and Canada, with the largest SAT increases (3 — 4 °C) surrounding Hudson's Bay (Fig. 2b).

Despite the magnitude of this rise, no islands have been lost, the majority have enlarged, and there has been a 7.3 % increase in net island area over the past century (A.D. 1897 — 2013).

Simulations where the magnitude of solar irradiance changes is increased yield a mismatch between model results and CO2 data, providing evidence for modest changes in solar irradiance and global mean temperatures over the past millennium and arguing against a significant amplification of the response of global or hemispheric annual mean temperature to solar forcing.

The suggestion is that over TWO decades, you will see a rate of increase of about that magnitude.

This compounds to an order of magnitude growth in population since 1700, which further compounds to more than two orders of magnitude of atmospheric loading from byproducts of energy consumption when taking into account that per capita energy consumption increased by more than an order of magnitude over those three centuries.

the magnitude of the recent increase in comparison to the magnitude of decrease over a longer period of time previous is an important question.

This recent shift towards more intense and frequent El Niños is related to the recent increase in dry areas around the world.5 However, past observations and reconstructions of El Niño events from non-instrumental records such as corals show that El Niño events naturally fluctuate in magnitude and frequency over time, and this has been demonstrated in long climate model simulations of past and future climate as well.6

Summer insolation decreased by 0.33 W m — 2 at 45 ° N over the millennium, winter insolation increased by 0.83 W m — 2 (Goosse et al., 2005a)(Errata), and the magnitude of the mean seasonal cycle of insolation in the NH decreased by 0.4 W m — 2.

Global average air temperatures have already increased by over 1 ° F and are projected to rise between 2.5 and 10.5 ° F or more by the end of this century, an unprecedented magnitude and speed of change.

1µmol CH4 = 1.6e - 5g / l = 1.6e - 2 g / m ^ 3 1.5 e9 g / day / 2.4 e15 m ^ 3 = ~ 6.3e - 7 g / m ^ 3 / day = ~ 2.5e - 6 micromolar increase per day diluted over the volume of the Gulf, However, given the 80 fold variation in concentrations observed above under much milder conditions, and the observations of clathrate formation at the wellhead, there are undoubtedly plumes of near methane saturated water (with volumes orders of magnitude less than that of the Gulf) drifting in the currents, slowly dissipating by diffusion and biogeochemical oxidation.

We also find little direct evidence that tropical forests should not be able to respond to increases in [CO2] and argue that the magnitude and pattern of increases in forest dynamics across Amazonia observed over the last few decades are consistent with a [CO2]- induced stimulation of tree growth.»

In the past few months, statements of concern over the «impending ITU takeover of the Internet» have steadily increased in magnitude and scope.

An increase of such magnitude would put prices over $ 561,000, increasing the gap between California and the rest of the continental United States.