Sentences with phrase «magnitude lower»

Over most of the central GrIS, however, the impurity content in cold snow is quite low — about an order of magnitude lower than in the low - altitude Arctic.

Wave energy should go as wave height squared, so a modest increase in average wave height (if it really checks out) might bea bit greater than that, but it will still be orders of magnitude lower than the thermal energy change.

They are an order of magnitude lower than what I believe we need.

The eigenvalues produced by the red noise test are an order of magnitude lower than the eigenvalues produced by...»

The eigenvalues produced by the red noise test are an order of magnitude lower than the eigenvalues produced by Mann's (admittedly incorrect) PCA methodology.

Results with a large - scale coupled ice - ocean model [Zhang and Steele, 2007] suggest the appropriate model background mixing for the Arctic Ocean is an order of magnitude lower than for ice - free oceans.

Methane CH4 is present in parts - per - billion concentrations, three orders of magnitude lower than CO2.

However, I am tired of skeptics taking media pot - shots for being «tainted» and «biased» for being funded at levels that are orders of magnitude lower than are climate catastrophists.

But it was a bad analogy as complexity of PV cells are orders of magnitude lower than prokaryuote cells.

We can at best estimate that natural variability is an order of magnitude or two smaller than the GHE for climate timescales, which is good enough, since our precision on temperatures on climate timescales barely has enough significant digits to be affected by a two order of magnitude lower effect.

In fact, the risks from nuclear are orders of magnitude lower than coal, not greater.

For example, Idso's 8 «natural experiments» each indicates that climate sensitivity is an order of magnitude lower than the bottom of the range used in the models (see.

If you take the amount of crude oil extracted since 1850 (estimates vary, but maybe 200 billion tonnes = 200 * (10 ^ 9) * (10 ^ 3) kg) and multiply by the energy density of crude oil (~ 50MJ / kg) the result comes out at about 10 ^ 22 J which is an order of magnitude lower than the increase in ocean heat content in the upper 700m since the 1950s (~ 10 ^ 23J).

Even with today's highly elevated drainage from Arctic rivers, the amount and rate of freshwater flowing into critical areas of the North Atlantic is about two orders of magnitude lower than that during the 8.2 ka event.

The EOS Aura satellite has some good plots of the Sulfur dioxide from Chaiten, many orders of magnitude lower than Pinatubo (15 - 20Mt SO2)... so far.

Most of the carbon in seawater is in the form of HCO3 — , while the concentrations of CO32 - and dissolved CO2 are one and two orders of magnitude lower, respectively.

The influence of greenhouse gases is one order of magnitude lower in this case.

Matthew, You write that because Byliner is online only, it's costs are likely orders of magnitude lower.

The researchers made lenses about a few millimeters thick with a magnification power of 160 times and a resolution of about 4 microns (millionths of a meter)-- two times lower in optical resolution than many commercial microscopes, but more than three orders of magnitude lower in cost.

It is important to note that the level of virus found in these fluids is several orders of magnitude lower than that found during the initial, acute, phase of infection.

Considering the similar planar structure of ML GaN to graphene, it is quite intriguing to find that the thermal conductivity (κ) of ML GaN (14.93 Wm / K) is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of graphene and is even lower than that of silicene with a buckled structure.

If rabbits mutated slowly, like humans, the divergence «would be an order of magnitude lower,» he said.

The influence of greenhouse gases is one order of magnitude lower in this case.

I present a case in my response that: 1) it is not appropriate to assume a linear correlation between the mutation rate on the autosomes and the mutation rate on the Y chromosome; 2) the mutation rate Mendez et al. computed for the Y from autosomal data is an order of magnitude lower than the mutation rate that was measured for the Y chromosome from a pedigree analysis in 2009; 3) the resulting TMRCA is inconsistent with what is known about diversity on the mtDNA, autosomes and X chromosome.

Not only that, but average exposure to BPA is thought to be well below 100 micrograms per day, orders of magnitude lower than the level required to exceed the TDI.

Concentrations in the groundwater were typically at least one order of magnitude lower than the concentrations in the treatment plant effluent, suggesting that the soil generally acted as an effective biogeochemical filter, except during snowmelt events.

Advances in high - temperature components and improved system modeling, combined with the potential for conversion costs an order of magnitude lower than those of turbines, suggest that TPV could offer a pathway for efficiently storing and producing electrical power from solar thermal sources, a new study suggests.

«We should be able to capture that exact same performance but at orders - of - magnitude lower cost,» he said.

Urinary As concentrations in our infants were an order of magnitude lower than the median 35 µg / L of As in a Bangladeshi population exposed to high drinking water As levels (median, 80 µg / L).28, 47 This was expected given the high rate of breastfeeding in our populations29 and the lower proportion of households with tap water As concentrations above the US Environmental Protection Agency standard of 10 µg / L (12.5 % in our study).

Or, put differently, in the absence of productivity growth, UK living standards would be an order of magnitude lower today, stuck at late - Victorian levels.»

Further, it alerts scientists that earthquake clustering may not only characterise shallow faulting and smaller - sized earthquakes with magnitudes lower than M7 but it is a property of large subduction earthquakes.

And even in case of more powerful stations you won't be directly in from on them, so the radiation reaching you is magnitudes lower then that.

Not exact matches

Meridian's consultant explained that Express Scripts would profit from spreads on low - cost generic drugs (though Meridian's contract with Express Scripts never specified their magnitude).

A few things stand out about this particular rate change: first, the magnitude of influence that just a quarter percentage - point change had on the stock market; second, the current rate with an upper range of.50 % compared to the various long - term averages of about 5 %; and third, the rate remains historically low, with only minute incremental changes, despite the relatively good news we continue to read about the economy.

It's too easy to look at Tidal's 4.2 million subscribers and relatively low income and say that it isn't a worthy buy for a company on the magnitude of Apple.

«While the strategic rationale for launching the (low - cost carrier) unit as a defensive move against further penetration by other low - cost leisure carriers such as Sunwing Vacations, Transat and WestJet make sense, we remain skeptical of the magnitude of earnings impact until additional scale is obtained later this decade with additions to the mainline fleet.»

In a guest post in The High Frequency Trading Review, Narang freely admits that «there has been an increasing incidence, in recent times, of days exhibiting unusually high volatility (measured as days when the close - to - close return, or alternatively, the high - low trading range are large in magnitude).»

In this blog, we continue the analysis to see if there is a relationship between the magnitude of interest rate change and magnitude of active return of the low volatility index relative to the S&P Read more -LSB-...]

Volatility refers to the magnitude of fluctuations in the price of a security; ETPs that often experience significant swings of value (in both directions) can be said to exhibit high volatility, while those that feature more stable prices can be said to exhibit low volatility (see a detailed definition and calculation of volatility here).

In the March 2009 version of their paper entitled «Higher Risk, Lower Returns: What Hedge Fund Investors Really Earn», Ilia Dichev and Gwen Yu measure actual hedge fund investor returns by integrating the returns of the funds they hold with the timing and magnitude of their capital flows into and out of these funds.

To add some perspective on the magnitude, net long positions are currently 40 per cent higher than their mid-2014 highs, and an astounding 4 times higher than their 2016 lows.

The amount of mass - energy in the universe is a couple magnitudes too low to allow for the «Big Crunch» scenario.

Since the end of the 2012/13 season the club has not been selling to be able to buy, however it has been spending big on players, although the magnitude is still lower than the three mentioned clubs.

According to a Canadian study, «Divorce rates are lowest when the husband is two to 10 years older than the wife or when the magnitude of their age difference is extremely large.»

«The sheer magnitude of numbers in de Jonge et al. — over half a million midwife - attended low - risk births, either at home or in the hospital — combined with a true comparison group (low - risk, women who chose hospital birth but could have chosen a home birth; both home and hospital groups, attended by the same group of midwives) makes this a valuable study (Freeze, 2010, p 8).»

Breastfeeding is associated with about 10 % lower maternal risk of several major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in later life, and the magnitude of the inverse association was stronger among those with a longer duration of breastfeeding, according to a large, prospective, observational study among Chinese women.

Even something as isolated and simple as effect of minimal wage magnitude on low - income employment is inconclusively debated among economists, and this is actually something relatively simple and easy to study, comparatively.

Note that there have been extended periods of low unemployment after each trade agreement which suggests that regardless of magnitude, the economy's ability to create jobs outweighs the negative effects of trade agreements.

Entergy insists Indian Point's reactors can easily withstand the sort of low - magnitude quakes that occur in the Northeast, which are nothing compared to the 8.9 monster that ravaged Northern Japan, causing a massive tsunami.

20,000 is an order of magnitude too low to win an election in NH, unless they're going for local elections or a couple of individual state senate seats.