In this case, the quake was caused when a 620 - mile - long (1,000 kilometers) stretch of the Nazca plate, an oceanic plate that forms a large swath of the Pacific Ocean floor, lurched deeper beneath the South American plate, producing the only 9.5 -
magnitude quake on record.
Not exact matches
According to Seoul, nuclear test
on Sunday resulted in an artificial 5.7
magnitude quake in Kilju, which is in the northern Hamgyong province where North Korea conducts its nuclear tests, according to the AP.
Elsewhere
on the Ring of Fire, a
magnitude - 6.1
quake struck Indonesia and a volcano erupted in Japan.
Non-tectonic temblors are usually
magnitude 3 or less
on the Richter scale, the famous but now antiquated way to measure a
quake's shake.
(Testing
on California
quakes for the past 5 years, for example, gets you only up to
magnitude 5.)
The epicentre of the
magnitude 7.3
quake was to the east of the more powerful 7.8
magnitude earthquake
on 25 April that killed more than 8000 people.
(Once the
quake had occurred, statistical forecasting based
on the size of the main shock did anticipate the possibility of its largest aftershock: a
magnitude - 6.3
quake in February that heavily damaged older structures in Christchurch.)
Drawing
on a centuries - long history of
quakes of
magnitude 7 to 8 rupturing various parts of the fault, members of the official Earthquake Research Committee had divided the offshore fault into six segments, each roughly 150 kilometers long, that they expected to rupture again.
The system should be especially good at predicting aftershocks, such as the
magnitude - 4.3 tremor that hit the central Italian
quake zone
on Thursday.
There would be other surprises
on little - known faults: the 1992
magnitude - 7.3 Landers
quake off the southern San Andreas (1 killed, $ 92 million in damage); the 1994
magnitude - 6.7 Northridge earthquake
on a previously unknown, buried fault (60 killed, $ 20 billion in damage); and the 1999 Hector Mine
quake,
magnitude 7.1, in the remoteness of the Mojave Desert.
Image courtesy of iStockphoto / kickers A
magnitude 5.8 earthquake that shook buildings and sent people in New York, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and surrounding areas streaming outside into the summer weather
on August 23 might seem like small shakes for residents of more
quake - prone regions of the nation.
After comparing central U.S. earthquakes with tremors in geologically similar parts of the world — and noting that induced
quakes, so far, tended to rupture either smaller faults or smaller sections of faults than West Coast
quakes — they settled
on an upper limit of
magnitude 6, which can damage even well - built structures.
Two other segments of the Ring of Fire ruptured this way — Chile in 1960 at
magnitude 9.5, the largest
quake ever recorded
on Earth, and Alaska's horrible Good Friday earthquake of 1964, at 9.2 the strongest jolt ever to hit the continent of North America.
Quakes that are confined to the uppermost region of the Juan de Fuca plate — the crust — have an upper magnitude of about 7, while quakes extending to the mantle level below the crust could have magnitudes as high as 8 on the Richter scale — 30 times more energy than a magnitude 7
Quakes that are confined to the uppermost region of the Juan de Fuca plate — the crust — have an upper
magnitude of about 7, while
quakes extending to the mantle level below the crust could have magnitudes as high as 8 on the Richter scale — 30 times more energy than a magnitude 7
quakes extending to the mantle level below the crust could have
magnitudes as high as 8
on the Richter scale — 30 times more energy than a
magnitude 7
quake.
Instead, based
on waves seen at Fukushima in 1960, generated by a
magnitude - 9.5
quake across the Pacific in Chile, the plant's designers initially assumed that the worst - case scenario was a 3.1 - metre tsunami.
The pair of
quakes hit
on April 11, startling seismologists with their size (
magnitudes 8.6 and 8.2) and location (hundreds of kilometers from the active zone that spawned the deadly 2004
magnitude 9.1 earthquake and tsunami).
The biggest earthquake
on record, a
magnitude 9.5
quake in 1960, was
on the same fault.
Alerts issued by earthquake early warning systems, called EEWs, are based
on several parameters: the depth and location of the
quake's origin, its estimated
magnitude and the ground properties, such as the types of soil and rock that seismic waves would travel through.
How quickly the system can issue warnings is based
on a number of factors, including the
magnitude of a
quake, the number of cellphones detecting it, and the distance of phones from the epicenter.
Another part is
on the back end: Devising an algorithm to take data from tens of thousands of smartphones, determine a
magnitude and epicenter for the
quake, and then issue a timely warning.
The most powerful and devastating earthquakes are along these zones, including Japan's 2011 Tohoku
quake, a
magnitude 9.0
on the Richter scale.
It shows
magnitudes of recent
quakes superimposed
on a map of the world which you can zoom into, and information about how
quakes are measured and what the different scales mean.
Two earthquakes measuring more than
magnitude 5 hit Iceland's Bardarbunga volcano overnight and another
quake shook a nearby volcano, with overall seismic activity staying high, the country's Meteorological Office said
on Wednesday.
«Such large faults could even have the potential of a
magnitude 8
quake,» said geologist Christopher Sorlien of the University of California at Santa Barbara, who is not a co-author
on the new paper.
With such a limited perspective
on the past release and the current buildup of strain, a
magnitude - 9
quake caught researchers by surprise.
That's how the fault seemed to have behaved in recent centuries, with
quakes of
magnitude 7 to 8 or so popping off
on any one segment every few decades or few centuries.
So it was a surprise when a
magnitude 4.1 «
quake» struck Nuugaatsiaq, a tiny island off Greenland's west coast
on 17 June.
The earthquake — estimated at
magnitude 9.0
on the Richter scale — occurred in a total area much smaller than previous large earthquakes, such as the 8.8 Chilean earthquake last year, arguing that the slippage was much greater for the Japan
quake, one of the four most powerful earthquakes
on record.
On April 6, 2009, a
magnitude - 6.3
quake hit the city, killing 309 people.
He also worries that today's
quake might increase stress
on the plate boundaries, where a rupture could produce a
magnitude - 8 earthquake.
Although it's impossible to pinpoint when such a
quake might occur, Floyd says this one could be powerful —
on the order of a
magnitude 7 temblor, or stronger.
That's because the larger surface - wave
magnitudes record low - frequency energy, while Richter and coda
magnitudes are based
on high - frequency seismic waves that people usually feel during real
quakes.
The recent earthquake swarm, beginning
on March 24 and climaxed by a 4.9
magnitude tremor
on Saturday, has produced no reports of injuries or severe damage but has rattled nerves in a region where Idaho's most powerful known
quake, measured at 6.9, killed two children in 1983.
By 1973, however, oil company scientists had turned up evidence of a large offshore fault 2.8 miles west of the plant, requiring PG&E to spend $ 2.2 billion
on re-engineering to withstand a 7.5 -
magnitude quake.
It works almost too well, Ellsworth says:
on Friday the Japan Meteorological Agency issued an initial warning
on its website that a
magnitude - 7.9
quake had struck off the coast of central Honshu island.
However the largest
quake, which had a
magnitude of 3.9, struck
on 23 January 2015 — 2 weeks after fracking had been completed.
On March 11, a powerful,
magnitude 9.0
quake hit northeastern Japan, triggering a tsunami with 10 - meter - high waves that reached the U.S. west coast.
The 27 February
quake happened
on a section of the fault between the site of the
magnitude - 9.5
quake and a
magnitude - 7.8
quake that occurred in 1985.
These are based
on the assumption that the two faults are independent systems, and that the maximum
quake on the Hayward Fault would be between
magnitudes 6.9 and 7.0.
Stein and his colleagues looked at the seismic records and more than 2,000 years of written records in northern China and found that, during that timeframe, no
magnitude - 7 or greater
quake ever hit at the same place
on a fault more than once.
A team of researchers at the University of Tokyo and their collaborators found that when stress exerted
on Earth's crust was high, the levels of a helium isotope, helium - 4, released in the groundwater was also high at sites near the epicenter of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, a
magnitude 7.3
quake in southwestern Japan, which caused 50 fatalities and serious damage.
On April 6, 2009, a
magnitude - 6.3
quake hit, killing 309 people.
Less than a week later,
on April 6, a 6.3 -
magnitude quake struck in Abruzzo.
The largest number of phones to record a
quake was 103, after the 5.2
magnitude quake that occurred
on the San Jacinto fault near Borrego Springs in San Diego County
on June 10.
The
quake was later estimated to have had a
magnitude between 7.9 and 8.4
on the Richter scale, with its epicentre under Sagami Bay.
The largest
quake detected occurred
on April 16 in Ecuador: a 7.8
magnitude quake that triggered two phones, 170 and 200 kilometers from the epicenter.
There are 42 states at risk for earthquakes, out of which 16 have registered
magnitude 6 or greater
quakes on the Richter scale and are considered high - risk.
Four - year - old Labrador pup named Tie Hsiung, whose name translates to «Iron Hero», set out
on his first mission as a rescue dog to search for survivors after a shocking 6.4
magnitude quake struck the eastern city of Hualien, Taiwan,
on 6 Feb (Tues), resulting in a death toll of 10 people.
Magnitude - 6.5
quake on Indonesian island activates tsunami early warnings, prompting thousands to evacuate coastal areas
There are plenty of reasons damage and deaths from the 7.1 -
magnitude earthquake that struck near Christchurch, New Zealand,
on Saturday utterly paled compared to the absolute devastation wrought by the 7.0 -
magnitude quake near Port - au - Prince, Haiti.