Not exact matches
A
magnitude - 7.9
quake has struck in the Gulf
of Alaska, prompting tsunami warnings in Alaska and British Columbia.
Elsewhere on the Ring
of Fire, a
magnitude - 6.1
quake struck Indonesia and a volcano erupted in Japan.
The
quake's epicenter was 175 miles east
of Kamaishi, and not far from the 9.0 -
magnitude blast that sent tsunami waves racing toward Fukushima in 2011.
The 8.9
magnitude quake struck at a depth
of six miles about 80 miles off the eastern coast, according to Japan's meteorological agency.
Entergy insists Indian Point's reactors can easily withstand the sort
of low -
magnitude quakes that occur in the Northeast, which are nothing compared to the 8.9 monster that ravaged Northern Japan, causing a massive tsunami.
He pointed to induced
quakes of magnitude 4 or larger in the past year in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Ohio, but said much
of this happened too late for the research council to include in its study.»
But seismologists didn't have a sense
of the
quake's true
magnitude for hours — and by that time, the immense wave had already inundated many areas (shown).
The signals generated by the
magnitude - 9.1
quake that struck Japan were barely one - billionth g, the amount
of Earth's gravitational field at sea level, but they traveled at the speed
of light and were detected at seismometers hundreds
of kilometers away, the researchers report today in Science.
The
quake, estimated to have been at least
magnitude 5.9, took no lives but damaged hundreds
of buildings.
Now, researchers have come up with a way to more quickly gauge a big
quake's
magnitude and thus provide faster, more accurate tsunami warnings: by measuring the miniscule changes in Earth's gravitational field that are generated when massive slabs
of the planet's crust shift by dozens
of meters over the course
of a few minutes.
A
magnitude 4.7 foreshock preceded the
quake by about 20 hours, and dozens
of aftershocks were detected as well.
Magnitude 5 tremors, such as the
quake that hit the town
of Itacarambi in Minas Gerais in 2007, cause damage and occur once every 50 years, according to the researchers.
The epicentre
of the
magnitude 7.3
quake was to the east
of the more powerful 7.8
magnitude earthquake on 25 April that killed more than 8000 people.
(Once the
quake had occurred, statistical forecasting based on the size
of the main shock did anticipate the possibility
of its largest aftershock: a
magnitude - 6.3
quake in February that heavily damaged older structures in Christchurch.)
Drawing on a centuries - long history
of quakes of magnitude 7 to 8 rupturing various parts
of the fault, members
of the official Earthquake Research Committee had divided the offshore fault into six segments, each roughly 150 kilometers long, that they expected to rupture again.
By the time the 2004
magnitude - 6.0 Parkfield earthquake — the most closely monitored
quake of all time — struck the central San Andreas fault without so much as a hint
of a precursor (Science, 8 October 2004, p. 206), most researchers had abandoned attempts at precise prediction.
According to the USGS, the chances
of a
quake of magnitude 6 or higher within the next half - century are between 25 and 40 percent.
A map
of the New Madrid Seismic Zone shows
quakes greater than
magnitude 2.5.
But in 2001, a huge burst
of pressure was released through Jurassic - era fault lines near the center
of the Indian plate, triggering a
magnitude 7.7
quake that took 20,000 lives.
There would be other surprises on little - known faults: the 1992
magnitude - 7.3 Landers
quake off the southern San Andreas (1 killed, $ 92 million in damage); the 1994
magnitude - 6.7 Northridge earthquake on a previously unknown, buried fault (60 killed, $ 20 billion in damage); and the 1999 Hector Mine
quake,
magnitude 7.1, in the remoteness
of the Mojave Desert.
The
magnitude - 6.2
quake was not preceded by even one warning tremor, says Warner Marzocchi, head
of the National Institute
of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome.
In California not too long ago, a
magnitude 4.8
quake struck near the southern San Andreas, the biggest so close to the fault in the history
of seismic recording.
In 2013 the state recorded 109
quakes of magnitude 3 and greater.
Image courtesy
of iStockphoto / kickers A
magnitude 5.8 earthquake that shook buildings and sent people in New York, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and surrounding areas streaming outside into the summer weather on August 23 might seem like small shakes for residents
of more
quake - prone regions
of the nation.
A recent government study estimated that $ 955 billion worth
of damage and 11,000 deaths could result from a
magnitude 7.3 earthquake directly under the northern part
of Tokyo Bay — a monster
quake many seismologists believe is long overdue.
After comparing central U.S. earthquakes with tremors in geologically similar parts
of the world — and noting that induced
quakes, so far, tended to rupture either smaller faults or smaller sections
of faults than West Coast
quakes — they settled on an upper limit
of magnitude 6, which can damage even well - built structures.
«But we can't rule out
quakes of magnitude 7 and above,» says Mark Petersen, chief
of the National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project.
Combining the 19th - century records
of such effects with modern earthquake models helped Beauducel and Feuillet pin down both the
quake's
magnitude and the location
of the fault rupture, the spot where the subduction zone tore apart.
NEW ZEALAND / / / EARTHQUAKE With an epicenter 6 miles from downtown, the Christchurch
quake in February took 181 lives and caused $ 12 billion in damages despite having a
magnitude of just 6.3.
Two other segments
of the Ring
of Fire ruptured this way — Chile in 1960 at
magnitude 9.5, the largest
quake ever recorded on Earth, and Alaska's horrible Good Friday earthquake
of 1964, at 9.2 the strongest jolt ever to hit the continent
of North America.
Quakes that are confined to the uppermost region of the Juan de Fuca plate — the crust — have an upper magnitude of about 7, while quakes extending to the mantle level below the crust could have magnitudes as high as 8 on the Richter scale — 30 times more energy than a magnitude 7
Quakes that are confined to the uppermost region
of the Juan de Fuca plate — the crust — have an upper
magnitude of about 7, while
quakes extending to the mantle level below the crust could have magnitudes as high as 8 on the Richter scale — 30 times more energy than a magnitude 7
quakes extending to the mantle level below the crust could have
magnitudes as high as 8 on the Richter scale — 30 times more energy than a
magnitude 7
quake.
Stanford scientists have found evidence that sections
of the fault responsible for the 9.0
magnitude Tohoku earthquake that devastated northern Japan in 2011 were relieving seismic stress at a gradually accelerating rate for years before the
quake.
There were no immediate reports
of injuries or damage from the
quake, which was initially measured at a
magnitude of 8.0 but later downgraded.
The pair
of quakes hit on April 11, startling seismologists with their size (
magnitudes 8.6 and 8.2) and location (hundreds
of kilometers from the active zone that spawned the deadly 2004
magnitude 9.1 earthquake and tsunami).
In 1964 a region
of this same tectonic clash, called the Alaska — Aleutian Subduction Zone, produced the
magnitude 9.2 «Good Friday» earthquake, the second - strongest
quake ever recorded.
This long period
of «afterslip» compares to just a year
of afterslip for a similar
magnitude quake in Napa, California in 2014, demonstrating large variation in fault behavior after earthquakes.
The federal licenses for the Diablo Canyon plant, near San Luis Obispo, are valid for at least another decade, but opponents were citing seismic and tsunami - related concerns even before last week's
magnitude 9.0
quake off the coast
of northern Japan
The findings also confirm that the entire area
of the Himalayas is capable
of producing large earthquakes like the
magnitude - 7.8
quake that struck Nepal in 2015.
Stefano Lorito
of Italy's National Institute
of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome and colleagues assessed the amount
of land movement during the
magnitude 8.8
quake that hit Chile in February 2010, claiming over 500 lives.
To the west, a huge swath
of the fault remains locked and has been accumulating strain since 1505, when a much more massive
magnitude 8.5
quake went off.
The small
quakes, which were typically
magnitude 3 or 4, occurred along the entire length
of the fault line, but each one occurred at the same spot every few years.
Alerts issued by earthquake early warning systems, called EEWs, are based on several parameters: the depth and location
of the
quake's origin, its estimated
magnitude and the ground properties, such as the types
of soil and rock that seismic waves would travel through.
Backup power was needed at Fukushima after the
magnitude - 9.0
quake struck and the six power lines bringing in offsite electrical power to Fukushima Daiichi were severed, says Michael Weightman, Britain's chief nuclear installations inspector and a member
of the International Atomic Energy Agency's International Nuclear Safety Group.
The powerful 8.3
magnitude earthquake that hit Chile overnight was partly a consequence
of a massive nearby
quake in 2010.
Although the study did not address when the
quake might occur, it's possible it could register a
magnitude of 8.2 or higher.
How quickly the system can issue warnings is based on a number
of factors, including the
magnitude of a
quake, the number
of cellphones detecting it, and the distance
of phones from the epicenter.
The
magnitude 8.2 earthquake might be part
of a pattern
of big
quakes around the world over the last decade, says Thorne Lay
of the University
of California Santa Cruz.
In February that year, a
quake of 8.8
magnitude killed more than 700 people and shifted the Earth's axis.
In recent years, Oklahoma has had more
magnitude 3.0
quakes than California, says Michael Blanpied
of USGS, including its two largest ever recorded: a 5.7
magnitude in 2011 and a 5.8
magnitude in 2016.
Another part is on the back end: Devising an algorithm to take data from tens
of thousands
of smartphones, determine a
magnitude and epicenter for the
quake, and then issue a timely warning.