The longer global warming continues, the greater the risk of «waking the sleeping giants» —
major feedbacks such as ice sheet collapse, methane «burps,» or ecosystem collapse — that could ignite abrupt or runaway warming beyond our control.
«Clouds are one of
the major feedbacks in cooling and heating the surface» of the ice, said Nate Miller, an atmospheric science graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Water vapor is responsible for
the major feedback, increasing sensitivity from 1 C to somewhere between 2 and 4.5 C. Water vapor is itself a powerful greenhouse gas, and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is in part determined by the temperature of the air.