Earlier studies in the 4,200 km2 Chernobyl Exclusion Zone showed
major radiation effects and pronounced reductions in wildlife populations.
Not exact matches
But their
major effect would have come from
radiation, which the KU astrophysicist said would have packed doses equivalent to one CT scan per year for every creature inhabiting land or shallower parts of the ocean.
«Proton beam is another
major advance in managing late
effects of
radiation therapy,» says Wharam.
In the troposphere,
major volcanic events have a strong cooling
effect, as stratospheric aerosols reflect away some incoming solar
radiation before it enters the troposphere.
Net solar
radiation at Mauna Loa Observatory, relative to 1958, showing the
effects of
major volcanic eruptions.
In February, the National Academies of Science released two
major reports on geoengineering, one on carbon dioxide removal technologies (to draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and hence reduce the greenhouse
effect) and the other on «albedo modification» or solar
radiation management technologies (to reflect a fraction of sunlight back to space and thereby cool the planet).
We find that the
major effects of clouds on
radiation change are linked to known physical processes that are quite consistently simulated by models.
The
major effect of clouds is to reflect incoming solar
radiation during daylight hours.
In the thermosphere, there are relatively few (compared to the troposphere) other sources of climate change; our results largely account for the
effects of the
major source, solar EUV
radiation.
Callendar's own calculations, giving a 2 °C temperature rise for a carbon dioxide doubling, were slated: one
major criticism was that they dealt only with
radiation and left out the
effects of that other important way in which heat is moved around, convection, despite what Hulburt had already written about that.
Although back
radiation is real, it does not play a
major role in the greenhouse
effect — mostly because of the lapse rate, which is mostly set by convection.