MicroRNAs lower the levels of proteins such as BDNF by binding to messenger RNA, the molecular middleman that carries instructions from genes to the protein -
making machinery of the cell, and tagging it for destruction.
The goal of these drugs is to, in various ways, destroy this message, denying the protein
making machinery of the cell the instructions for making a specific protein.
Not exact matches
Only whole
cells may contain all the necessary
machinery for self - reproduction... Not only is DNA incapable
of making copies
of itself, aided or unaided, but it is incapable
of «
making» anything else... The proteins
of the
cell are
made from other proteins, and without that protein - forming
machinery nothing can be
made.»
Ataluren appears to persuade the
machinery of the
cell to «run» that stop sign and allow a functioning protein to be
made.
Another interesting aspect to the work is that it demonstrates the possibility
of adding new
machinery to human
cells to enable them to
make therapeutic agents in response to disease signals.»
He and colleagues have determined what gives cholera bacteria their curved shape and whether it matters (a polymer protein, and it does matter; the curve
makes it easier for cholera to cause disease), how different wavelengths
of light affect movement
of photosynthetic bacteria (red and green wavelengths encourage movement; blue light stops the microbes in their tracks), how bacteria coordinate
cell division
machinery and how photosynthetic bacteria's growth changes in light and dark.
One big one: «Not everybody appreciates the way CRISPR technology works — it
makes the cut in the DNA but it doesn't take care
of the repair — so we rely on the
cells» fundamental
machinery to do that,» Doudna says.
Once inside
cells, they are taken up by cellular protein -
making machinery and induce the production, over weeks,
of the viral proteins they encode.
During this time, transcription — the conversion
of gene «recipes» encoded in DNA to mRNA, the messenger that carries the recipe to the
cell's protein -
making machinery — is completely shut off.
Given the potential for living systems to produce highly complex chemical compounds, researchers working with Michelle C.Y. Chang at the University
of California, Berkeley (USA), aimed to manipulate the biosynthetic
machinery in
cells to use simple fluorinated building blocks to
make new organofluorine target molecules.
They seem most lifelike only when they invade and co-opt the
machinery of living
cells in order to
make more
of themselves, often killing their hosts in the process.
When EBOV
makes copies
of itself inside
cells, it does so by taking over and hijacking parts
of that host
cell's basic
machinery to
make its own proteins.
Since the beginning
of time, viruses have been inserting their genetic material into the genomes
of their hosts, tricking the
cell's
machinery into
making more virus.
HIV - 1 integrates its own genome into the genome
of human immune system
cells known as CD4 + T
cells, hijacking their cellular
machinery to
make more copies
of itself.
At the heart
of the «bit»
of memory is essentially a fragment
of DNA called a promoter, which enables the
machinery of a
cell to
make a given protein.
When a methyl group (a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms attached) binds to a cytosine molecule (one
of the four nucleotides that
make up DNA), it tells the
cell's transcription
machinery not to transcribe that gene.
Theoretically, once a particular codon — say, TAG — has been removed from a genome, the
cell's protein -
making machinery could be reprogrammed to assign TAG to an amino acid, instead
of being a stop signal.
But when physiologist H. Lee Sweeney
of the University
of Pennsylvania School
of Medicine in Philadelphia and his colleagues put this faulty gene into embryonic quail muscle
cells growing in lab dishes, the
cells made a shortened version
of the protein and incorporated it into their contractile
machinery.
One
of the paper's co-authors, Hugh Willison, who studies GBS at the University
of Glasgow in Scotland, says it's possible that something more subtle is happening: Like other viruses, the one that causes Zika hijacks a
cell's own replication
machinery to
make new copies
of itself, which then break out
of the dying
cell and infect neighboring
cells.
The phages infiltrate bacterial
cells, where they commandeer the host
machinery to
make thousands
of new phages; then they escape through the bacterial
cell wall — killing the host — and spread to infect their next victims.
A member
of the U.S.S.R. Academy
of Sciences shares his model
of how
cells recover from blows to their protein -
making machinery
Researchers applied the findings to a mouse model with a genetic mutation in a component
of the ribosome — the
machinery that
makes proteins — and the rate
of protein production was reduced in stem
cells by 30 percent.
October 21, 1994 Immortalizing agent
of tumor
cells found in yeast Researchers at the University
of Chicago Medical Center have isolated the gene for a component
of the elusive molecular
machinery that plays a key role in
making cancer
cells immortal.
Basically, the
cell's protein -
making machinery reads a sequence
of DNA as a sentence composed entirely
of three - letter words called codons.
Importantly, while the enhanced presence
of Bcl - xL is expected to promote cancer
cell survival in the first place, it may also indicate that the apoptotic
machinery (especially the caspases) are still in place,
making it necessary for the tumor
cell to maintain a high level
of Bcl - xL [10].
Researchers at the University
of Chicago Medical Center have isolated the gene for a component
of the elusive molecular
machinery that plays a key role in
making cancer
cells immortal, offering scientists a tantalizing target for new anticancer drugs
of greater effectiveness and lower toxicity.
Cells from mice bred in Singh's lab to lack PU.1 allowed the researchers to manipulate the cells» decision - making machinery by introducing different amounts of
Cells from mice bred in Singh's lab to lack PU.1 allowed the researchers to manipulate the
cells» decision - making machinery by introducing different amounts of
cells» decision -
making machinery by introducing different amounts
of PU.1.
During the ensuing infection, it
makes many copies
of its genetic material, using the
cell's
machinery, and this reassembles into many more virus particles that are then released to infect more
cells.
Lindquist's group focused on a yeast protein called sup35, part
of the normal yeast
machinery for
making all the other proteins in the
cell.
Once stuck, the drug tells the
cell's own
machinery to dispose
of the message molecule, so the protein isn't
made.
The researchers are currently using the 4D microscope to image the components
of cells, such as proteins and ribosomes, the cellular
machinery that
makes proteins.
«Lymphocytes are the white blood
cells that help
make antibodies and are part
of the normal infection - fighting
machinery,» Dr. Nichols explains.
The real kicker for muscle growth is that your body is a fine piece
of machinery, and to better prepare itself for future metabolic stress, it adapts by adding
cells to the muscle fibers which
makes them bigger and stronger.
Large amounts
of any PUFA, moreover, will cause the
cell to
make less
of this enzymatic
machinery by convincing the
cell that it is no longer needed.26 This competition and cellular confusion can be avoided altogether by providing small amounts
of preformed arachidonic acid and DHA in the diet.